脑脊液细胞因子在原发中枢神经系统淋巴瘤 诊疗中的研究进展

Research Progress on Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokines in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma

摘要: 原发中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma, PCNSL)是一种罕见的结外非霍奇金淋巴瘤，病灶局限于中枢系统，其临床表现和影像学特征常缺乏特异性，早期快速诊断一般比较困难，然而PCNSL具有高侵袭性、病程进展快、预后差、复发率高。寻找一种便捷、创伤性小的指标用于PCNSL的早期诊断和疗效评估对于PCNSL治疗和预后至关重要。近年来，脑脊液(Cerebrospinal Fluid, CSF)作为微创液体活检的重要来源受到广泛关注。CSF不仅可提供肿瘤相关分子信息，还可反映中枢神经系统局部免疫微环境状态。多项国内外研究表明，脑脊液细胞因子在PCNSL的辅助诊断、治疗反应监测、预后评估、发病机制等方面具有广泛的应用前景。本文拟就脑脊液细胞因子在原发中枢神经系统淋巴瘤诊疗中的研究进展进行系统综述。

Abstract: Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma confined to the central nervous system. Its clinical manifestations and imaging features are often nonspecific, making early and rapid diagnosis particularly challenging. Nevertheless, PCNSL is highly aggressive, characterized by rapid disease progression, poor prognosis, and a high relapse rate. Identifying convenient and minimally invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment response assessment is therefore critical for improving therapeutic outcomes and prognosis in PCNSL patients. In recent years, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as a valuable source of minimally invasive liquid biopsy, has garnered widespread attention. CSF not only provides tumor-related molecular information but also reflects the local immune microenvironment within the central nervous system. Multiple domestic and international studies have demonstrated that CSF cytokines hold broad application potential in the auxiliary diagnosis of PCNSL, monitoring of treatment response, prognostic evaluation, and elucidation of pathogenic mechanisms. This article aims to provide a systematic review of recent advances regarding the role of CSF cytokines in the diagnosis and management of primary central nervous system lymphoma.