经阴道分娩新生儿脐动脉血气影响因素的研究进展

Research Progress on Influencing Factors of Umbilical Artery Blood Gas in Neonates Delivered Vaginally

摘要: 经阴道分娩中新生儿脐动脉血气分析作为评估胎儿产时缺氧及代谢状态的重要手段，已成为围产期监测的关键指标。近年来，随着临床和基础研究的不断深入，关于影响新生儿脐动脉血气参数的多种因素逐渐被揭示。母体因素如年龄、基础疾病及产前状况，分娩过程中的宫缩强度、时间及分娩方式，及胎儿自身的适应能力和生理状态，均对脐动脉血气值产生显著影响。然而，现有研究在影响机制和干预策略上仍存在一定争议和不足。本文系统综述了近年来相关领域的研究进展，重点分析了各类因素对脐动脉血气的具体作用及其临床意义，旨在为临床监测和围产期管理提供科学依据，推动新生儿产时缺氧风险的早期识别和有效干预，提高围产期新生儿的预后质量。

Abstract: Umbilical cord arterial blood gas analysis during vaginal delivery, serving as a critical means of assessing fetal intrapartum hypoxia and metabolic status, has become a key indicator in perinatal monitoring. In recent years, with the deepening of clinical and basic research, various factors influencing neonatal umbilical cord arterial blood gas parameters have gradually been revealed. Maternal factors such as age, underlying diseases, and prenatal conditions, as well as labor-related factors like uterine contraction intensity, duration, and mode of delivery, along with the adaptive capacity and physiological status of the fetus itself, all significantly affect umbilical cord arterial blood gas values. However, existing studies still present certain controversies and gaps regarding the underlying mechanisms and intervention strategies. This article systematically reviews recent advances in related fields, focusing on analyzing the specific effects and clinical significance of various factors on umbilical cord arterial blood gas, aiming to provide a scientific basis for clinical monitoring and perinatal management, promote early identification and effective intervention of neonatal intrapartum hypoxia risks, and improve the prognosis of perinatal newborns.