抽动障碍患儿眼区基本情绪识别障碍研究

Research on Basic Emotion Recognition Disorders in the Eye Area of Children with Tic Disorders

摘要: 目的：总结抽动障碍(TD)各类型患儿在神经心理学中眼区基本情绪识别能力的障碍差异，为TD神经心理干预提供临床依据。方法：选取2021年7月~2022年2月在安徽省儿童医院神经内科门诊体检或就诊的102例儿童的临床资料进行回顾性分析，描述健康对照儿童及TD各类型患儿的年龄、性别分布特点，比较健康儿童与各类型TD的眼区基本情绪识别能力的障碍差异，并对各类型TD患儿耶鲁评分情况进行分析。结果：① TD发病男孩明显高于女孩，发病年龄以8~10岁学龄期最为常见，对照组与各类型TD患儿之间年龄及性别分布无差异(P < 0.05)。② 对照组与各类型TD患儿之间在情绪识别上存在差异，其中对照组与慢性抽动(CTD)组在情绪“厌、悲、恐、怒”的识别上存在差异(P < 0.05)；对照组与短暂性抽动(TTD)组在情绪“恐”的识别上存在差异(P < 0.05)；对照组与Tourette综合征(TS)组之间在情绪“厌、悲、恐、怒”的识别上存在差异(P < 0.05)。③ 对CTD组、TTD组、TS组之间患儿YGTSS评分进行比较，TS的评分显著高于CTD、TTD (P < 0.05)，而TTD与CTD之间评分无明显差异(P > 0.05)，提示TS的抽动严重程度要高于CTD、TTD。结论：TD发病年龄男孩明显高于女孩，发病年龄以学龄期多见，发病期的患儿在情绪识别能力上较正常儿童弱，均在“恐”情绪识别上明显存在障碍，YGTSS评分提示TS的严重程度高于CTD和TTD，临床应引起重视。

Abstract: Objective: To summarize the differences in basic emotional recognition ability in eye regions among children with various types of Tourette Syndrome (TD) in neuropsychology, providing clinical evidence for neuropsychological intervention in TD. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 102 children who underwent physical examination or visited the neurology outpatient department of Anhui Children’s Hospital from July 2021 to February 2022. The age and gender distribution characteristics of healthy control children and children with various types of TD were described. The differences in basic emotional recognition ability in eye regions between healthy children and children with various types of TD were compared, and the Yale Rating Scale scores of children with various types of TD were analyzed. Results: ① The incidence of TD was significantly higher in boys than in girls, with the most common onset age being 8~10 years old during school age. There were no significant differences in age and gender distribution between the control group and children with various types of TD (P < 0.05). ② Differences in emotional recognition were observed between the control group and children with various types of TD. Specifically, the control group showed differences in the recognition of emotions “disgust, sadness, fear, anger” compared to the chronic Tourette (CTD) group (P < 0.05); the control group showed differences in the recognition of emotion “fear” compared to the transient Tourette (TTD) group (P < 0.05); and the control group showed differences in the recognition of emotions “disgust, sadness, fear, anger” compared to the Tourette Syndrome (TS) group (P < 0.05). ③ A comparative analysis of YGTSS scores among CTD, TTD, and TS groups revealed that TS exhibited significantly higher scores than CTD and TTD (P < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed between TTD and CTD (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that the severity of tics in TS is greater than in CTD and TTD. Conclusion: The onset age of TD is significantly higher in boys than in girls, predominantly occurring during school age. Children with TD demonstrate weaker emotional recognition abilities compared to normal children, with marked deficits in recognizing fear-related emotions. The YGTSS scores suggest that the severity of TS is higher than that of CTD and TTD, warranting clinical attention.