基于数据挖掘及网络药理学的中医药治疗高脂血症用药规律及作用机制

Medication Rules and Mechanisms of Action of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Hyperlipidemia Based on Data Mining and Network Pharmacology

摘要: 目的：探讨中医药治疗高脂血症(hyperlipidemia)的用药规律及作用机制。方法：在中国知网等数据库中收集中医药治疗HLD的相关文献，分析用药规律，筛选核心药物组合，系统解析核心组方的关键药效成分、核心作用靶点及核心信号通路，通过分子对接技术验证核心靶点与活性成分间分子结合的稳定性。结果：筛选出312首处方，涉及218味中药，其中山楂、泽泻、丹参等出现频率最高，药物性味主要为温、甘，主要归脾经，功效以补虚、利湿、化瘀为主。关联规则分析及聚类分析共得到43个药对和4个不同类别的处方。网络药理学研究以白术–赤芍–丹参–茯苓–荷叶–决明子–山楂–泽泻为核心药物，处理后得到112个共有靶点和5个核心靶点。KEGG分析结果显示主要富集于流体剪切应力与动脉粥样硬化、脂质与动脉粥样硬化等信号通路。分子对接结果显示，核心靶点与活性成分间的结合均稳定。结论：中医药治疗HLD的关键活性成分包括隐丹参酮、芍药苷、槲皮素、木犀草素，通过PPARG、EGFR、IL6、ICAM1、IFNG等靶点发挥促进脂质代谢、干扰促炎因子释放、保护动脉内膜的作用。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the medication patterns and mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of hyperlipidemia (HLD). Methods: Relevant literature on TCM treatment of HLD was systematically collected from databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Medication patterns were analyzed, core herb combinations were screened, and the key pharmacological components, core targets, and signaling pathways of the core formula were systematically elucidated. The binding stability between core targets and active components was validated through molecular docking technology. Results: A total of 312 prescriptions involving 218 Chinese medicinal herbs were screened. Crataegi Fructus (Shanzha), Alismatis Rhizoma (Zexie), and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix & Rhizoma (Danshen) exhibited the highest frequency of occurrence. The predominant medicinal properties were warm in nature and sweet in taste, with primary meridian tropism to the spleen. The therapeutic effects primarily focused on tonifying deficiency, eliminating dampness, and resolving blood stasis. Association rule analysis and cluster analysis yielded 43 herb pairs and four distinct prescription categories. Network pharmacology research identified Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu), Paeoniae Rubra Radix (Chishao), Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix & Rhizoma (Danshen), Poria (Fuling), Nelumbinis Folium (Heye), Cassiae Semen (Juemingzi), Crataegi Fructus (Shanzha), and Alismatis Rhizoma (Zexie) as core herbs, resulting in 112 common targets and 5 core targets. KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated significant enrichment in “Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis” and “Lipid and atherosclerosis” signaling pathways. Molecular docking results confirmed stable binding between core targets and active components. Conclusion: Key active components in TCM treatment of HLD include cryptotanshinone, paeoniflorin, quercetin, and luteolin, which exert therapeutic effects through PPARG, EGFR, IL6, ICAM1, IFNG and other targets by promoting lipid metabolism, inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine release and protecting arterial endothelium integrity. These findings provide a scientific foundation for the rational application of TCM in managing hyperlipidemia and its related cardiovascular complications.