机械力与铁氧化物共同作用对烟灰中砷浸出特性工艺研究

Process Study on the Effect of the Combined Action of Mechanochemical Treatment and Iron Oxides on the Arsenic Leaching Behavior of Smelting Flue Dust

摘要: 铜冶炼烟尘中砷含量高且伴生多种有价金属，限制了其安全处置与资源化利用。本文研究了机械力作用及铁氧化物共磨对烟尘中Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb和As在不同pH条件下浸出行为的影响，并结合Visual MINTEQ模拟及表征分析探讨其作用机制。结果表明，Fe₂O₃共磨可在弱酸至酸性条件下促进或不抑制Zn、Cu、Cd和Pb的浸出，同时显著抑制As的浸出，实现有价金属选择性浸出与砷稳定化。热力学模拟表明，共磨体系中金属元素在pH 3~5条件下仍以有利于浸出的形态存在，而砷主要以铁砷酸盐相关形态赋存。SEM、XRD和XPS结果进一步表明，共磨过程中砷酸盐与铁氧化物发生相互作用，生成Fe-As-O相关结构或铁砷酸盐样物种。该方法在较温和条件下实现了有价金属浸出与砷固定的协同调控，具有流程简化的潜在优势。

Abstract: Copper smelting flue dust contains high levels of arsenic and various valuable metals, which limits its safe disposal and resource utilization. In this study, the effects of mechanochemical treatment and co-grinding with iron oxides on the leaching behaviors of Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, and As under different pH conditions were investigated, and the underlying mechanism was explored through Visual MINTEQ simulation and characterization analysis. The results showed that co-grinding with Fe₂O₃ promoted or did not inhibit the leaching of Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb under weakly acidic to acidic conditions, while significantly suppressing the leaching of As, thereby achieving selective leaching of valuable metals and arsenic stabilization. Thermodynamic simulation indicated that metal elements in the co-ground system remained in forms favorable for leaching at pH 3~5, whereas arsenic mainly existed in ferric arsenate-related forms. SEM, XRD, and XPS results further demonstrated that arsenate interacted with iron oxides during the co-grinding process, leading to the formation of Fe-As-O related structures or iron-arsenate-like species. This method achieves the synergistic regulation of valuable metal leaching and arsenic fixation under relatively mild conditions, showing the potential advantage of a simplified process.