肠道菌群在代谢相关性脂肪肝病中的研究

Study of Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease

摘要: 代谢相关脂肪性肝病(Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, MAFLD)是最常见的慢性肝病，其患病率持续上升，并将成为全球最主要的健康卫生问题之一。因此，揭示NAFLD的发生机制，对诊治NAFLD有重要意义。近年来，肠道菌群作为调控宿主代谢和免疫的重要参与者之一，在MAFLD发生发展中的作用备受关注。MAFLD患者呈现显著的肠道微生态失调特征，包括菌群多样性下降、产短链脂肪酸有益菌减少及条件致病菌富集等。本文系统综述MAFLD相关的肠道菌群变化特征及相关的机制研究进展，并探讨当前研究的局限性与未来转化方向，以期为MAFLD的精准防治提供新思路。

Abstract: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has emerged as the most prevalent chronic liver condition worldwide, with its incidence continuing to escalate and posing a significant global health challenge. Elucidating the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of MAFLD is therefore of great importance for improving disease management and patient outcomes. In recent years, the gut microbiota has garnered considerable attention as a key modulator of host metabolism and immunity, playing a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of MAFLD. Individuals with MAFLD exhibit profound intestinal dysbiosis, characterized by reduced microbial diversity, depletion of short-chain fatty acid-producing beneficial bacteria, and enrichment of opportunistic pathogens. This review systematically summarizes the alterations in gut microbiota composition associated with MAFLD and highlights recent advances in understanding the underlying mechanisms linking gut microbiota to disease pathogenesis. Additionally, we discuss current research limitations and future directions for translational applications, aiming to provide novel insights into the precision prevention and treatment of MAFLD.