湘西地区儿童近视防控二级预防现状调查及 可持续干预策略研究

Secondary Prevention of Childhood Myopia in Xiangxi Region: Current Status and Sustainable Intervention Strategies

摘要: 目的：本研究旨在通过调查湘西地区1517位儿童家长对近视防控二级预防的认知和行为，分析影响因素，为完善儿童青少年近视防控体系提供科学依据，助力儿童青少年视力健康。方法：采用多阶段抽样，从湘西州8个县市中随机抽取4个县市(吉首市，保靖县，花垣县，凤凰县)，再从每个县市随机走访至少200名儿童家长，最终纳入1517份有效问卷。结果：研究结果家长近视防控二级预防水平达标率为71.65%，不及格430 (28.35%)人，及格387 (25.51%)，良好495 (32.63%)，优秀205 (13.51%)，家长对儿童视力健康筛查时间了解不完全不充分，对儿童近视预警管理有一定了解程度但仍然不够全面需要专业知识的指导。结论：湘西地区儿童近视问题显著，家长对近视防控二级预防视力健康筛查态度积极但还不能完全达到儿童近视防控要求，近视预警管理方面家长知识和良好行为不足。本研究专门针对湘西地区儿童近视防控二级预防问题进行研究，干预策略注重可持续性，强调建立长效机制，如建立健康画像等，确保近视防控工作的可持续性开展。

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to investigate the cognition and behaviors of 1517 parents of children in Xiangxi Prefecture regarding the secondary prevention of myopia control, analyze the influencing factors, provide a scientific basis for improving the myopia prevention and control system for children and adolescents, and contribute to the visual health of children and adolescents. Methods: A multi-stage sampling method was adopted. First, 4 counties/cities (Jishou City, Baojing County, Huayuan County, and Fenghuang County) were randomly selected from 8 counties/cities in Xiangxi Prefecture. Then, at least 200 parents of children were randomly visited in each selected county/city, and a total of 1517 valid questionnaires were finally included. Results: The results showed that the compliance rate of parents’ knowledge and behaviors regarding the secondary prevention of myopia control was 71.65%. Specifically, 430 parents (28.35%) were below the passing level, 387 (25.51%) reached the passing level, 495 (32.63%) were rated as good, and 205 (13.51%) were excellent. Parents had incomplete and insufficient understanding of the timing of children’s visual health screening; although they had a certain degree of knowledge about children’s myopia early warning management, their understanding was still not comprehensive enough and they needed guidance on professional knowledge. Conclusion: The problem of myopia among children in Xiangxi Prefecture is prominent. Parents hold a positive attitude towards visual health screening (a key part of the secondary prevention of myopia control), but their cognition and behaviors still fail to fully meet the requirements of children’s myopia prevention and control. In terms of myopia early warning management, parents lack relevant knowledge and good practices. This study focuses specifically on the secondary prevention of myopia control for children in Xiangxi Prefecture. The proposed intervention strategies emphasize sustainability and the establishment of long-term mechanisms (such as the construction of children’s health profiles) to ensure the sustainable implementation of myopia prevention and control work.