不同碱剂在酸性矿山废水中和处理中的效能对比
Performance Comparison of Different Alkaline Agents for Neutralization of Acid Mine Drainage
DOI: 10.12677/wpt.2026.142006, PDF,   
作者: 王雨龙*, 高 渊, 姚溪蕊, 宋 辰, 朱国燕：伊春鹿鸣矿业有限公司，黑龙江 伊春；吴晓亭：中铁环境科技工程有限公司，湖南 长沙；李 伟#：西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院，陕西 西安
关键词: 酸性矿山废水；化学中和法；氢氧化钙；经济分析；最优药剂；Acid Mine Drainage； Chemical Neutralization； Calcium Hydroxide； Economic Analysis； Optimal Reagent
摘要: 化学中和法是酸性矿山废水(AMD)治理中应用最广泛的技术之一。受水力停留时间(HRT)限制，不同碱剂的反应动力学差异常导致实际投加量与理论值之间存在较大偏差。为系统比较典型碱剂的中和特性，以鹿鸣钼矿酸性矿山废水为研究对象，在25℃、搅拌速率350 rpm、HRT为30 min的条件下，系统评估了氢氧化钠(NaOH)、氢氧化钙(Ca(OH)2)和氢氧化镁(Mg(OH)2)的中和性能及其对重金属离子的去除效果。结果表明，不同碱剂的中和效率依次为NaOH > Ca(OH)2 > Mg(OH)2。按照理论值投加NaOH，1分钟内即可将水样pH提升至目标值10.5；而若想在规定的HRT内将溶液pH提升至10.5，Ca(OH)2和Mg(OH)2的实际投加量分别为理论值的1.6倍和2.7倍。另外，酸性矿山废水中重金属的去除率主要受溶液pH值影响，与碱剂种类关系不大。综合考虑碱性剂单价及实际投加量，Ca(OH)2的吨水处理成本显著低于NaOH和Mg(OH)2，因此可作为酸性矿山废水中和处理的优选碱剂。
Abstract: Chemical neutralization is one of the most widely applied techniques for the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD). Due to limitations in hydraulic retention time (HRT), differences in the reaction kinetics of various alkaline agents can lead to significant deviations between actual and theoretical dosages. To systematically compare the neutralization characteristics of typical alkaline agents, AMD from the Luming molybdenum mine was used as the study object. Under conditions of 25˚C, a stirring rate of 350 rpm, and HRT of 30 min, the neutralization performance of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), and magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) and their effects on heavy metal removal were systematically evaluated. The results indicated that the neutralization efficiency of the alkaline agents followed the order NaOH > Ca(OH)2 > Mg(OH)2. At the theoretical dosage, NaOH was able to raise the water sample pH to the target value of 10.5 within 1 min. In contrast, to achieve a target pH of 10.5 within the specified HRT, the actual dosages of Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 needed to be 1.6 and 2.7 times their theoretical values, respectively. In addition, the study revealed that the heavy metal removal efficiency in AMD was primarily influenced by the solution pH rather than the type of alkaline agent. Considering both the unit cost of the alkaline agents and the actual dosage required, the treatment cost per ton of water using Ca(OH)2 was significantly lower than that using NaOH or Mg(OH)2, indicating that Ca(OH)2 is the preferred alkaline agent for AMD neutralization.
文章引用：王雨龙, 高渊, 姚溪蕊, 宋辰, 朱国燕, 吴晓亭, 李伟. 不同碱剂在酸性矿山废水中和处理中的效能对比[J]. 水污染及处理, 2026, 14(2): 53-59. https://doi.org/10.12677/wpt.2026.142006

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