基于嵌入式的高稳定性相位式激光测距仪设计

Design of a High-Stability Phase-Based Laser Rangefinder Based on Embedded Systems

摘要: 针对市面上激光测仪在长期工作状态下测量稳定性下降的问题。因此本文以相位式激光测距技术为核心，结合嵌入式系统的优势，设计并制作了一款具有高精度、高稳定性和小型化的激光测距仪。该激光测距仪的核心在于设计了主动温控与被动隔热的温度控制系统，具体内容包括提供稳定供电的外置电路；采用低热导系数的PEEK材料作为隔热层材料，以降低环境热传导对核心模块的影响；搭建以PID温控系统为核心，配合铝制外壳、TEC半导体制冷器和散热硅胶的主动温控系统。本文为优化和验证机械结构的热学设计，使用了COMSOL Multiphysic软件建立了该系统的热学仿真模型，仿真并分析了不同设计下的PEEK隔热层和铝制外壳对系统内部温度场分布的影响。为验证该系统的性能，为此进行了长时间的连续测量实验，实验结果表明该设计能限制抑制测量值的温漂现象，提升了测量的稳定性。

Abstract: Addressing the issue of declining measurement stability in commercially available laser rangefinders under prolonged operation, this paper centers on phase-based laser ranging technology and leverages the advantages of embedded systems to design and fabricate a laser rangefinder characterized by high precision, high stability, and miniaturization. The core of this rangefinder lies in the design of a temperature control system incorporating active thermal management and passive insulation. Specific measures include an external circuit providing stable power supply; the use of PEEK material with low thermal conductivity as the insulation layer to mitigate the impact of environmental heat conduction on core modules; and the implementation of an active temperature control system built around a PID controller, complemented by an aluminum casing, TEC semiconductor coolers, and thermal silicone pads. To optimize and validate the thermal design of the mechanical structure, COMSOL Multiphysics software was employed to establish a thermal simulation model of the system. This model was used to simulate and analyze the effects of different designs of the PEEK insulation layer and aluminum casing on the internal temperature distribution. To evaluate the performance of the system, long-term continuous measurement experiments were conducted. The results demonstrate that this design effectively suppresses thermal drift in measurement values, thereby enhancing measurement stability.