纤维固废免蒸压加气混凝土研究综述

A Review of Fiber Solid Waste Non-Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Research

摘要: 全固废免蒸压加气混凝土是契合“双碳”战略与循环经济的低碳环保新型建筑材料通过100%消纳工业固废、摒弃传统蒸压工艺及水泥等非固废原料，实现“以废治废”与节能减排的双重目标。当前该类材料普遍面临抗压强度不足、长期稳定性欠佳、易开裂等问题，而玄武岩纤维表面粗糙且富含羟基，与水泥基胶凝材料界面粘结性强，既能促进水化产物(如C-S-H凝胶)沉积、细化孔隙结构，又能凭借高抗拉强度和韧性桥接微裂缝，显著提升制品力学性能与耐久性。本文回顾了加气混凝土来源及其材料特性，而后概述了各类固体废物在基于纤维加气混凝土中作为部分或全部替代物对加气混凝土的力学性能和耐久性影响。最后，讨论并给出了纤维固废在加气混凝土中进一步应用和研究的建议。

Abstract: All-solid-waste autoclave-free aerated concrete is a low-carbon, environmentally friendly new building material that aligns with the “dual carbon” strategy and circular economy. By fully utilizing industrial solid waste, abandoning traditional autoclaving processes, and avoiding non-solid-waste raw materials such as cement, it achieves the dual goals of “treating waste with waste” and reducing emissions. Currently, this type of material generally faces issues such as insufficient compressive strength, poor long-term stability, and susceptibility to cracking. Basalt fibers, with their rough surface and abundant hydroxyl groups, exhibit strong interfacial bonding with cement-based binders. They can not only promote the deposition of hydration products (such as C-S-H gel) and refine the pore structure but also bridge microcracks with high tensile strength and toughness, significantly improving the mechanical properties and durability of the products. This paper reviews the sources and material characteristics of aerated concrete, and then summarizes the effects of various solid wastes used as partial or full substitutes in fiber-reinforced aerated concrete on its mechanical properties and durability. Finally, it discusses and provides recommendations for further applications and research of fiber-reinforced solid waste in aerated concrete.