汉语史视角下“绝”字的语义演变路径及其新义探析

A Study on the Semantic Interpretation, Evolution Path and New Meanings of “Jue” from the Perspective of Chinese History

摘要: “绝”是汉语中语义丰富、用法多样的典型多义字，从甲骨文时期表“断丝”的具体动作动词，历经数千年发展，逐步衍生出断折、穷尽、极致、横越等多重义项，词性也从单一动词拓展为形容词、副词、语气词等，在互联网时代更演化出“绝了”“绝绝子”等新型表达形式。本文以汉语史为研究视角，基于古籍文献与现代汉语语料库，梳理“绝”字从先秦两汉到现当代的历时语义演变轨迹，阐释其不同时代的语义特征与语用表现，分析字形演变与字义发展的关联性，探究其语义演变的动因与机制，并结合网络语境下的新义新用，揭示语言符号随社会文化发展的自我更新规律，为汉语词汇语义演变研究提供典型个案参考。

Abstract: As a typical polysemous character with rich meanings and diverse usages in Chinese, “jue” originated from the oracle bone inscriptions as a concrete action verb meaning “to break silk”. After thousands of years of development, it has gradually derived multiple meanings such as breaking, exhausting, extreme, crossing, etc. It’s part of speech has also expanded from a single verb to an adjective, adverb, modal particle, etc. In the Internet era, it has further evolved into new expressions such as “jue le” (awesome) and “jue jue zi” (so amazing). From the perspective of Chinese history, based on ancient documents and modern Chinese corpora, this paper combs the diachronic semantic evolution track of “jue” from the pre-Qin, Han dynasties to the modern and contemporary times, explains its semantic characteristics and pragmatic performances in different eras, analyzes the correlation between its form and meaning development, explores the motivations and mechanisms of its semantic evolution, and reveals the self-renewal law of linguistic symbols with the development of social culture combined with its new meanings and usages in the network context, so as to provide a typical case reference for the study of Chinese lexical semantic evolution.