英汉愤怒情绪概念隐喻差异对比分析

A Comparative Analysis of Conceptual Metaphor Differences in Expressions of Anger between English and Chinese

摘要: 本文在概念隐喻理论框架下，结合Lakoff和Johnson的概念隐喻理论以及Kövecses的情感隐喻原型模型，对英汉两种语言中愤怒情绪的隐喻表达进行了对比研究。研究以《远东英英、英汉双解成语大辞典》和《中国成语辞海》为语料来源，采用语料库分析方法，对英汉成语中愤怒情绪的隐喻实体及其认知映射进行系统归纳与分析。研究结果表明，英汉两种语言在愤怒隐喻构建上既具有显著共性，也存在一定差异：在共性方面，两种语言均倾向于借助“火”“自然灾害”等具有高强度、爆发性和不可控特征的经验域来表达愤怒情绪，体现出基于人类共同身体经验的认知基础，并呈现出“积聚–强化–爆发”的原型结构特征；在差异方面，英语更倾向于以“红色”“容器中的热液体”等外显的物理经验作为隐喻源域，而汉语则更多依赖“气”及人体部位等体现内在能量与整体观的经验域来表达愤怒，这一差异反映了不同文化在身体经验理解及情感认知方式上的差异。总体而言，情感隐喻既具有跨语言的认知共性，又在文化语境中呈现出变异性。尽管本研究主要基于词典语料，仍在一定程度上揭示了英汉愤怒隐喻的认知机制及其文化内涵，并对翻译实践与外语教学具有一定启示意义。

Abstract: This study conducts a contrastive analysis of conceptual metaphors of anger in English and Chinese within the framework of Conceptual Metaphor Theory, drawing on Lakoff and Johnson and Kövecses. The data are collected from Far East English-English-Chinese Dictionary of Idioms and Chinese Idioms Dictionary, and a corpus-based approach is employed to identify and categorize metaphorical expressions of anger. The findings reveal that English and Chinese share significant similarities in constructing anger metaphors, both relying on experiential domains such as “fire” and “natural disasters” to represent the intensity, explosiveness, and uncontrollability of anger, reflecting a common bodily basis and a prototypical structure of “accumulation-intensification-explosion.” Meanwhile, notable differences are observed in the selection of metaphorical sources: English tends to employ external physical experiences such as “red color” and “hot fluid in a container,” whereas Chinese more frequently draws on culturally embedded concepts such as “qi” and human body parts, highlighting an internalized and holistic view of emotion. These differences suggest that while emotional metaphors are grounded in shared human experience, they are also shaped by cultural models of cognition. Although this study is based primarily on dictionary data, it provides insights into the cognitive mechanisms and cultural dimensions of anger metaphors in the two languages, and offers implications for translation practice and language teaching.