数据要素视角下数字经济反垄断的挑战与应对

Challenges and Countermeasures of Anti-Monopoly in Digital Economy from the Perspective of Data Elements

摘要: 在数字经济蓬勃发展的背景下，数据要素已成为重塑市场竞争格局的核心生产要素。其非竞争性、网络效应等独特属性，既推动了数字产业的创新发展，也催生了数字平台新型垄断行为，对传统反垄断规制体系构成严峻挑战。本文基于数据要素的核心特征，系统剖析数字经济反垄断在相关市场界定、市场支配地位认定、滥用行为规制及跨境协同治理等方面面临的现实困境；结合中美欧典型执法实践，从规则完善、标准优化、监管强化及跨境协作四个维度，提出针对性的应对路径。研究旨在为构建适配数据要素特性的数字经济反垄断规制体系提供理论支撑，助力数字经济高质量发展。

Abstract: In the context of the vigorous development of the digital economy, data elements have become the core production factors to reshape the market competition pattern. Its unique attributes, such as non-competitiveness and network effect, not only promote the innovative development of the digital industry, but also give birth to the new monopoly behavior of the digital platform, which poses a severe challenge to the traditional anti-monopoly regulation system. Based on the core characteristics of data elements, this paper systematically analyzes the practical difficulties faced by the digital economy antitrust in terms of relevant market definition, market dominant position determination, abuse regulation and cross-border collaborative governance; Combined with the practice of European classic law enforcement in China and the United States, this paper puts forward targeted countermeasures from the four dimensions of rule improvement, standard optimization, regulatory strengthening and cross-border cooperation. The research aims to provide theoretical support for the construction of an anti-monopoly regulation system of digital economy that adapts to the characteristics of data elements, and helps the high-quality development of digital economy.