柔性室温磷光晶体的研究现状与展望

Research Status and Prospect of Flexible Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Crystals

摘要: 柔性室温磷光晶体融合了晶体的有序性与聚合物的柔性，在光电子、防伪及生物医学等领域潜力巨大。然而，其发展长期受困于“刚性晶格利于磷光”与“柔性变形需要弱相互作用”的内在矛盾。本文系统梳理了近五年来该领域的研究进展，重点阐述了通过分子与晶体工程(如卤素键、氢键、自分离堆积)实现柔性的策略，以及通过重原子效应、氘代和主客体掺杂获得长寿命磷光的机制。文章综述了成功整合“柔”与“光”的代表性工作，并特别强调了基于能量传递(如FRET、Dexter TTET)的动态刺激响应材料的设计与应用。最后，展望了该领域在光波导、多维防伪和生物成像等前沿方向的应用前景与未来挑战。

Abstract: Flexible room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) crystals integrate the long-range order of crystals with the flexibility of polymers, showing great potential in optoelectronics, anti-counterfeiting, and biomedicine. However, their development has long been hindered by the inherent contradiction between the rigid lattice required for efficient phosphorescence and the weak interactions necessary for mechanical flexibility. This review systematically summarizes research progress in the past five years, focusing on strategies to achieve flexibility through molecular and crystal engineering (e.g., halogen bonds, hydrogen bonds, self-partitioned packing) and to obtain long-lived RTP via mechanisms such as the heavy-atom effect, deuteration, and host-guest doping. Representative works that successfully integrate “flexibility” and “phosphorescence” are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the design and application of dynamic stimuli-responsive materials based on energy transfer mechanisms (e.g., FRET, Dexter TTET). Finally, an outlook on future applications in optical waveguides, multi-dimensional anti-counterfeiting, and bioimaging is provided, along with a summary of key challenges.