论网络暴力治理中平台责任与刑事归责的联动机制

On the Linkage Mechanism between Platform Responsibility and Criminal Imputation in the Governance of Cyber Violence

摘要: 数字时代，网络暴力不仅侵犯个人权益，而且破坏健康的生态网络，已成为严峻的社会治理难题。“杭州取快递被造谣案”生动揭示了传统以个人为中心的刑法规制模式，在面对涉众型网络暴力时存在“法不责众”、主观故意难认定、因果关系模糊等现实困境。与此同时，数字平台所具有的网络空间枢纽地位、技术优势与“私权力”属性，在网络暴力的生成、发酵与扩散过程中扮演着关键角色，却常因“避风港”原则而在治理中趋于消极。本文认为，破解网络暴力治理困局的关键在于构建平台责任与刑事归责的联动机制。首先，应在理论上重塑平台角色，将其定位为积极的“网络看门人”，课以体系化的信息网络安全管理义务。在此基础上，构建双向联动路径：一方面，平台积极履行事前预防、事中干预、事后救济等义务的行为，可以作为减免其刑事责任的依据，实现正向激励；另一方面，当平台“明知”或“应知”网暴信息存在而消极不作为，造成严重后果时，应通过激活拒不履行信息网络安全管理义务罪、追究其片面帮助犯的刑事责任等方式实现反向规制。通过这种双向互动，最终形成“国家管平台、平台管用户”的治理新范式，实现网络暴力治理中效率与公正的统一。

Abstract: In the digital era, cyber violence has emerged as a formidable governance challenge, infringing upon individual rights and undermining the integrity of the online ecosystem. The case of “Defamation Against a Woman Picking Up a Package in Hangzhou” exposes the limitations of traditional criminal law, which centers on individual liability, when addressing collective cyber violence. These limitations include difficulties in establishing subjective intent, proving causation, and the dilemma of “impunity for the masses”. Digital platforms, by virtue of their pivotal position, technical capabilities, and exercise of “private power”, profoundly influence the evolution of cyber violence; yet, under the “Safe Harbor Principle”, they often remain passive. This paper argues that an effective governance mechanism necessitates the integration of platform liability with criminal imputation. Platforms should be repositioned as proactive “gatekeepers” with clearly defined obligations to ensure information security. Furthermore, a bidirectional linkage mechanism should be constructed: on one hand, platforms that actively fulfill their duties of prevention, intervention, and remediation should receive positive incentives; on the other hand, platforms that knowingly or negligently fail to fulfill their cybersecurity management obligations despite being aware of ongoing cyber violence, thereby causing serious consequences, should face criminal liability either under the crime of refusing to fulfill information network security management obligations or as accomplices via unilateral complicity. This bidirectional approach aims to establish a governance model of “the state regulates platforms, and platforms regulate users”, thereby achieving both efficiency and justice in the governance of cyber violence.