“盒威胁”下个人数据法权益的保护及责任认定

Protection of Legal Interests in Personal Data and Liability Attribution under “Doxxing Threats”

摘要: 随着个人信息黑灰产与网络暴力相互勾连，“开盒”已由一般“人肉搜索”异化为以非法获取、整合加工、公开扩散公民个人信息为核心，并诱发侮辱、诽谤、线下骚扰等后果的链条化、产业化、跨平台乃至跨境违法犯罪形态。围绕“开盒”产业链的刑事责任认定，司法实践中仍面临行为类型交叉、罪名适用边界模糊、共同犯罪层级复杂、电子证据固定困难以及跨境溯源追责不畅等问题。本文以“开盒”产业链的刑事责任认定困境与破解为研究中心，在梳理上游非法获取、中游整合交易、下游扩散煽动等行为结构的基础上，提出通过细化构成要件判断规则、强化分层分类追责、完善电子证据规范并推动跨部门与跨境协同治理，提升对“开盒”行为的精准规制与个人信息法益保护水平。

Abstract: With the convergence of the black market for personal information and cyber violence, “doxxing” has evolved from ordinary “human flesh search” into a chain-based, industrialized, cross-platform, and even transnational form of unlawful and criminal conduct centered on the illegal acquisition, aggregation, processing, and public dissemination of citizens’ personal information, often triggering insults, defamation, and offline harassment. In judicial practice, the criminal liability of the doxxing supply chain still faces a number of difficulties, including the overlap of behavioral types, blurred boundaries in the application of criminal charges, the complexity of accomplice liability, difficulties in the preservation of electronic evidence, and obstacles to cross-border tracing and accountability. Focusing on the dilemmas and solutions in identifying criminal liability within the doxxing supply chain, this paper analyzes the behavioral structure of upstream illegal acquisition, midstream integration and trading, and downstream dissemination and incitement, and proposes to improve the precision of legal regulation and the protection of personal information rights and interests by refining the rules for determining constituent elements, strengthening tiered and categorized accountability, improving the rules on electronic evidence, and promoting interdepartmental and cross-border collaborative governance.