论破产程序中数据资产的处置

On the Disposition of Data Assets in Bankruptcy Proceedings

摘要: 数据资产系企业通过合法获取或产生数据，经计算机技术处理形成的、可带来经济利益的各类数据资源集合。数据资产的处置方式包括拍卖、数据资产证券化、数据交易等，在企业破产程序中处置数据资产存在诸多现实困境，如传统民法“一物一权”原则的局限性、隐私保护与债权人利益最大化的冲突以及数据资产处置的市场交易机制不完善等。鉴此，立法应完善以“淡化所有权、强调使用权”为核心的处置规则；确立数据资产处置的“目的正当”原则，强调破产程序信息公开中的个人隐私保护；明确数据资产评估标准，优化数据资产交易监管制度。

Abstract: Data assets refer to collections of various data resources formed through an enterprise’s lawful acquisition or generation of data, processed by computer technology, and capable of generating economic benefits. Disposition methods for data assets include auction, data asset securitization, and data transactions, among others. However, disposing of data assets within enterprise bankruptcy proceedings faces numerous practical challenges, such as the limitations of the traditional civil law principle of “one thing, one right”, the conflict between privacy protection and the maximization of creditors’ interests, and the imperfection of the market transaction mechanism for data asset disposition. In view of this, legislation should improve disposition rules centered on “de-emphasizing ownership and emphasizing use rights”; establish the principle of “legitimate purpose” for data asset disposition, stressing personal privacy protection in the disclosure of information during bankruptcy proceedings; clarify data asset valuation standards, and optimize the regulatory system for data asset transactions.