SWAT模型和新安江模型在汉江旬河流域的应用比较研究

Comparative Study on the Performance of SWAT and Xin’anjiang Models in Xunhe Basin

摘要: 选取分布式模型中的SWAT模型与集总式模型中的新安江模型进行流域径流模拟，以旬河流域为例，以确定性系数、相对误差以及均方根误差作为模型模拟效果的评价指标，探究不同结构的模型在径流模拟中的差异性。模拟结果表明：SWAT模型和新安江模型在日径流过程模拟中都表现出较好的适用性，新安江模型优于SWAT模型；从不同流量等级(10%高水，50%中水，40%低水)的模拟效果来看，SWAT模型在中、低水的流量模拟中表现较好，但高水部分的模拟效果较新安江模型差；由于高水流量的均方差较中水、低水大，当采用确定性系数作为参数率定的目标函数时，会引起模型优先拟合高水部分，导致中、低水模拟效果不够理想。

Abstract: In this study, the SWAT and Xin’anjiang models were selected respectively as the representatives of the distributed and lumped hydrological models to simulate rainfall-runoff process in the Xunhe basin, with the measurements of the Nash-Suttcliffe efficiency coefficient, relative error and root mean square. The results illustrated that both models work well at daily rainfall-runoff process simulation, and the Xin’anjiang model outperforms the SWAT model. Based on the results of various flow (10% high flow, 50% middle flow and 40% low flow), the SWAT model effectively simulates the water quantity of middle and low flows, although can’t compete with Xin’anjiang model in simulation of high flow. The results also show that selecting Nash-Suttcliffe efficiency coefficient as the objective function causes that the model priors fit the high flow better than the middle and low flow, because the mean square error of high flow is larger than that of the middle and low flow.