时空二律背反中的隐喻

Metaphor in the Antinomy of Space and Time

摘要: 康德在《纯粹理性批判》B454中提出了“时间/空间是有限/无限的”这一组命题及康德为之提供的论证和阐释，但局限于时代，这些论证缺乏严格的现代逻辑形式。康德的论证可以使用当代逻辑的技术重构为条理更加清晰、逻辑结构更加严密的命题形式；并且在这种重构的基础上，可以发现一种基于语言哲学中的隐喻理论的，针对论证中特定命题的新的理解。基于对二律背反的论证的分析化重构，可以发现隐喻在二律背反中的使用不仅具有解释功能，还承担了决定论证是否有效的关键角色。通过更深入地考察可以发现，这些涉及隐喻的命题在此语境中事实上都是真值不确定的命题，因此基于它们的论证都是有瑕疵的。

Abstract: In Critique of Pure Reason (B454), Kant advances a set of propositions concerning the finitude/infinitude of time and space, together with the arguments and elucidations offered in their support. Owing to historical constraints, these arguments lack the rigorous logical form demanded by contemporary formal logic. By employing modern logical techniques, Kant’s reasoning can be reconstructed into a clearer and more formally disciplined propositional structure; moreover, on the basis of such a reconstruction, one can develop a novel interpretation of certain key propositions by drawing on metaphor theory in the philosophy of language. An analytic reconstruction of the Antinomy arguments indicates that the use of metaphor within the Antinomies is not merely exegetical but also plays a crucial role in determining whether the arguments are valid. Further examination suggests that the metaphor-involving propositions in this context are in fact truth-value indeterminate; accordingly, arguments that essentially rely on them are defective.