宠物沟通：动物认知的主观性与拟人化

Pet Communication: Subjectivity and Anthropomorphism in Animal Cognition

摘要: 本文以家养猫科动物为研究对象，围绕宠物沟通视角下动物认知的主观性与拟人化问题展开研究，立足认知科学哲学的视角探究家养猫科动物在人宠互动中的认知水平，以及人类对宠物沟通该行为认知的拟人化态度。家养猫科动物具备一定的社会认知与跨物种交流能力，而人类对此类动物意识的解释中存在高度的拟人化归因问题，这种归因问题根植于社会认知的固有倾向。本文试图探究拟人化的产生机制及拟人化认识对动物认知研究的双重影响，动物认知研究应合理利用拟人化的正向价值，同时警惕过度拟人化的弊端，尝试建立脱离人类中心主义认知框架的研究体系，兼顾还原论与对动物特殊行为现象的关注。

Abstract: This paper takes domesticated felines as its subject of study, examining the issues of subjectivity and anthropomorphism in animal cognition from the perspective of pet communication. Drawing on the philosophy of cognitive science, it investigates the cognitive capabilities of domesticated felines in human-pet interactions, as well as the anthropomorphic attitudes humans adopt when interpreting such communicative behaviours. Domesticated felines possess a certain degree of social cognition and cross-species communication ability; however, human interpretations of these animals’ consciousness are characterised by a high degree of anthropomorphic attribution, a phenomenon rooted in the inherent tendencies of social cognition. This paper seeks to investigate the mechanisms underlying anthropomorphism and its dual impact on animal cognition research. Research in this field should make judicious use of the positive value of anthropomorphism whilst remaining vigilant against the pitfalls of excessive anthropomorphism. It should strive to establish a research framework that moves beyond anthropocentric perspectives, balancing a reductionist approach with a focus on the unique behavioural phenomena of animals.