中西医结合治疗慢性咳嗽的用药规律研究综述

A Review of Research on Medication Rules in the Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Treatment of Chronic Cough

摘要: 慢性咳嗽指持续时间超过8周的咳嗽症状，是临床常见的呼吸系统慢性疾病之一。文章为中西医结合治疗慢性咳嗽的用药规律研究综述，界定了慢性咳嗽的中西医分类标准，指出西医治疗存在不良反应、易复发、疗效局限等问题，阐述中医以肺脾肾功能失调为核心的发病理论及“治未病”理念。研究挖掘出儿童慢性咳嗽治疗的11味核心中药，总结出西医辨病 + 中医辨证的用药策略，以及痰热壅肺、脾虚湿困等常见证型的对应方药和穴位贴敷、针灸等外治手段；证实中西医结合疗法能改善炎症因子、肺功能等指标，在咳嗽变异性哮喘、迁延性细菌性支气管炎等病症中疗效显著。同时，指出当前存在镇咳药使用不规范、诊疗方案不统一、作用机制研究不深入等问题，提出未来需推进诊疗规范化、发展精准医学、强化长期预防康复管理，以进一步提升中西医结合治疗慢性咳嗽的临床水平。

Abstract: Chronic cough refers to a cough symptom that lasts for more than 8 weeks and is one of the common chronic respiratory diseases in clinical practice. This article is a review of research on medication rules in the integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment of chronic cough. It defines the classification standards of chronic cough in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine, points out that Western medicine treatment has problems such as adverse reactions, easy recurrence, and limited efficacy, and expounds TCM’s pathogenesis theory centered on dysfunction of the lung, spleen, and kidney, as well as the concept of “preventive treatment of disease”. The study identifies 11 core Chinese herbal medicines for the treatment of chronic cough in children, summarizes the medication strategy of Western medicine disease differentiation combined with TCM syndrome differentiation, as well as the corresponding prescriptions for common syndromes such as phlegm-heat obstructing the lung and spleen deficiency with dampness retention, and external treatment methods such as acupoint application and acupuncture. It is confirmed that the integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy can improve indicators such as inflammatory factors and lung function, and has significant efficacy in conditions such as cough variant asthma and protracted bacterial bronchitis. At the same time, it points out the current problems, including irregular use of antitussives, inconsistent diagnosis and treatment plans, and insufficient research on the mechanism of action. It is proposed that in the future, it is necessary to promote the standardization of diagnosis and treatment, develop precision medicine, and strengthen long-term prevention and rehabilitation management to further improve the clinical level of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of chronic cough.