精索静脉曲张导致精液质量下降机制及研究进展
Research Progress on the Mechanisms by Which Varicocele Leads to Decreased Semen Quality in Men
摘要: 精索静脉曲张(varicocele, VC)是男性不育最常见的可逆性病因之一。大量研究证实，VC患者常表现为精子浓度降低、活力减弱、形态异常增加及DNA碎片率升高等多维度损伤。近年来，围绕VC导致精液质量下降的机制研究取得重要进展，主要涉及睾丸微环境紊乱、氧化应激增强、免疫反应异常、内分泌功能障碍以及多种细胞死亡通路的激活。尽管机制研究不断深入，但VC导致精液质量下降的机制尚无统一结论。未来应依托单细胞测序、空间转录组学及多组学整合分析等新研究方法持续开展VC导致精液质量下降确切机制的研究。
Abstract: Varicocele (VC) is one of the most common reversible causes of male infertility. Numerous studies have confirmed that patients with VC often exhibit multidimensional sperm damage, including reduced sperm concentration, impaired motility, increased abnormal morphology, and elevated DNA fragmentation rates. In recent years, significant progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms underlying VC-induced decline in semen quality, mainly involving disruption of the testicular microenvironment, enhanced oxidative stress, abnormal immune responses, endocrine dysfunction, and activation of multiple cell death pathways. Despite these advances, there is still no unified conclusion regarding the precise mechanisms by which VC impairs semen quality. Future research should leverage emerging technologies such as single-cell sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and integrative multi-omics analyses to further clarify the exact mechanisms of VC-induced semen quality deterioration.
文章引用：何浩, 蒲军. 精索静脉曲张导致精液质量下降机制及研究进展[J]. 临床个性化医学, 2026, 5(2): 295-301. https://doi.org/10.12677/jcpm.2026.52128

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