超声弹性成像技术联合TIRADS分类在 甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别中的研究进展
Research Advances in Combining Ultrasound Elastography with TIRADS Classification for Differentiating Benign from Malignant Thyroid Nodules
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2026.1641398, PDF,   
作者: 张 萌：黑龙江中医药大学研究生院，黑龙江 哈尔滨；孙桂明*：哈尔滨市中医医院超声科，黑龙江 哈尔滨
关键词: 超声弹性成像；TI-RADS分类；甲状腺结节；良恶性鉴别；剪切波弹性成像；诊断效能；Ultrasound Elastography； TI-RADS Classification； Thyroid Nodules； Benign-Malignant Differentiation； Shear-Wave Elastography； Diagnostic Efficacy
摘要: 甲状腺结节是临床常见疾病，早期准确鉴别其良恶性对临床决策至关重要。常规超声及其标准化风险评估系统(TI-RADS)虽已广泛应用，但在某些情况下诊断效能仍有限。超声弹性成像通过评估组织硬度，为结节良恶性鉴别提供了重要的生物力学信息。近年来，超声弹性成像与TI-RADS的联合应用已成为研究热点。本文综述了该联合策略的最新研究进展，指出其通过形态学与生物力学特征的互补，可显著提高诊断的敏感性、特异性及准确度，从而有效减少不必要的穿刺活检。文中详细阐述了应变弹性成像、剪切波弹性成像等多种弹性成像技术与各类TI-RADS系统联合应用的价值与具体诊断效能，并分析了当前面临的挑战，如技术标准化不足、不同TI-RADS系统间的差异，以及对某些特殊病理类型的诊断局限性。最后展望未来，提出个体化的甲状腺结节诊断体系是重要的发展方向。
Abstract: Thyroid nodules are a common clinical condition, and accurate early differentiation between benign and malignant lesions is crucial for clinical decision-making. While conventional ultrasound and its standardized risk assessment system (TI-RADS) are widely used, their diagnostic efficacy remains limited in certain scenarios. Ultrasound elastography provides important biomechanical information for distinguishing nodule malignancy by assessing tissue stiffness. In recent years, the combined application of ultrasound elastography and TI-RADS has become a research focus. This review summarizes recent advances in this combined strategy, highlighting how the complementary use of morphological and biomechanical features significantly enhances diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, thereby effectively reducing unnecessary needle biopsies. The paper elaborates on the value and specific diagnostic efficacy of integrating various elastography techniques, including strain elastography and shear wave elastography, with different TI-RADS systems. It also analyzes current challenges, such as insufficient technical standardization, discrepancies among TI-RADS systems, and diagnostic limitations for certain specific pathological types. Finally, it looks ahead to the future, proposing that integrating multimodal ultrasound and artificial intelligence technologies to establish an intelligent, personalized thyroid nodule diagnostic system represents a crucial developmental direction.
文章引用：张萌, 孙桂明. 超声弹性成像技术联合TIRADS分类在 甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别中的研究进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(4): 1615-1622. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.1641398

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