人口老龄化背景下农村养老服务体系建设现状与对策

The Present Situation and Countermeasures of Rural Elderly Care Service System Construction under the Background of Population Aging

摘要: 在我国人口老龄化程度持续加深、城乡人口流动不断加剧的背景下，农村地区呈现出老年人口基数大、老龄化速度快、家庭养老功能弱化、养老服务供给不足等突出特征。加快构建符合农村实际、适应老年需求、可持续发展的农村养老服务体系，已成为应对人口老龄化、推进乡村振兴、实现共同富裕的重要任务。本文以农村养老服务体系为研究对象，系统分析当前我国农村老龄化的基本态势与养老服务面临的现实压力，从家庭养老、社区养老、机构养老、医养结合、养老保障、人才支撑等多个维度，梳理农村养老服务体系建设的现状与存在问题，并在此基础上提出强化家庭养老基础地位、完善多层次养老服务供给、推动医养康养深度融合、健全农村养老保障机制、加强养老服务人才队伍建设、强化政府责任与政策保障等对策建议，旨在为完善新时代农村养老服务体系、提升农村老年人生活质量、促进城乡养老服务均等化提供理论参考与实践路径。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of deepening population aging and intensified urban-rural migration in China, rural areas are characterized by a large elderly population, rapid aging trends, weakened family-based care functions, and insufficient elderly care services. Accelerating the development of a sustainable rural elderly care service system tailored to local realities and elderly needs has become a critical task for addressing population aging, advancing rural revitalization, and achieving common prosperity. This study examines the rural elderly care service system, systematically analyzing the current trends of rural aging and the practical challenges faced by elderly care services. Through multiple dimensions including family-based care, community-based care, institutional care, integrated medical and elderly care, pension security, and talent support, the paper identifies existing issues in rural elderly care service system construction. Based on these findings, the study proposes countermeasures such as strengthening the foundational role of family-based care, improving multi-level elderly care service supply, promoting deep integration of medical and elderly care, enhancing rural pension security mechanisms, strengthening elderly care service talent development, and reinforcing government accountability and policy support. These recommendations aim to provide theoretical references and practical pathways for improving the rural elderly care service system in the new era, enhancing the quality of life for rural seniors, and promoting equitable elderly care services across urban and rural areas.