基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS) 2020与2022视角下家庭收入对孩子受教育程度的影响

The Impact of Household Income on Children’s Education Levels from the Perspective of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2020 and 2022

摘要: 教育是人力资本形成与机会平等的核心。本文利用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS) 2020年与2022年两期数据，考察家庭收入与子代受教育年限之间的关系，并比较城镇与农村家庭的差异。本文采用包含省份固定效应的OLS模型，并控制个体与家庭特征。结果表明，家庭收入越高，子代受教育年限越长；在加入家庭层面控制变量后，农村地区的收入–教育梯度更大。父母受教育程度也与子代受教育程度显著正相关。进一步地，本文使用交互项模型检验父亲受高等教育是否会调节收入对受教育年限的影响，但该调节效应并不稳健。研究结论为缩小城乡教育差距、促进教育机会公平的公共政策制定提供了实证依据。

Abstract: Education is central to human-capital formation and equality of opportunity. Using the 2020 and 2022 waves of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this paper examines the relationship between household income and children’s years of schooling and assesses differences between urban and rural households. We estimate OLS models with province fixed effects and controls for individual and family characteristics. Higher household income is associated with longer schooling, and the income-education gradient is larger for rural households once family controls are included. Parental schooling is also strongly associated with children’s educational attainment. We further explore whether paternal higher education moderates the income-schooling relationship using an interaction specification, but the moderating pattern is not robust. The research conclusions provide empirical evidence for the formulation of public policies to narrow the urban-rural education gap and promote equal educational opportunities.