《现代汉语词典》(第1~7版)收录字母词的比较研究

A Comparative Study of the Inclusion of Letter Words in the Modern Chinese Dictionary (1st to 7th Editions)

摘要: 针对《现代汉语词典》(第1~7版)收录的字母词，进行数量、来源、构成成分、字母功能、语义类别和释义的比较研究。字母词数量从第3版开始大量增加，第6版之后开始数量减少。字母词以英源外来词为主，构成成分以纯字母词为主，字母功能以表缩略为主。字母词的语义类别以科学类的词为主，义项数量基本保持不变。《现汉》的释义体例不断调整，语域扩大，释义更加科学严谨。最后，针对研究过程中发现的《现汉》筛选词的标准以及释义的缺陷，提出了相关的建议和思考。

Abstract: A comparative study is conducted on the letter words included in the Modern Chinese Dictionary (1st to 7th editions), examining their quantity, origins, compositional components, letter functions, semantic categories, and definitions. The number of letter words began to increase significantly from the 3rd edition onwards but started to decline after the 6th edition. These words are primarily derived from English, predominantly consist of pure letter forms, and mainly function as abbreviations. Semantically, they are mostly scientific terms, with the number of senses remaining largely unchanged. The dictionary’s definitional style has been continuously adjusted, with an expanded register and more scientifically rigorous explanations. Finally, based on the issues identified in the selection criteria and definitions of letter words in the Modern Chinese Dictionary, relevant suggestions and reflections are proposed.