加工方式与“啊哈”体验对顿悟记忆优势效应的影响

The Effects of Processing Modes and “Aha” Experience on the Insight Memory Superiority Effect

摘要: 已有研究证实顿悟存在记忆优势效应，但其核心机制是生成加工还是“啊哈”体验仍存争议，且二者对顿悟过程中不同信息的记忆影响尚未明确。本研究采用学习–测试范式，以中文远距离联想任务为实验材料，操纵加工方式与有无“啊哈”体验，探究二者对目标字和线索字再认效果的影响。行为结果表明，在目标字再认中，自发顿悟的记忆效果更优，表现为相较于诱发顿悟，自发顿悟的再认击中率更高，再认反应时更短，信心评分更高；在线索字再认中，有“啊哈”体验的记忆效果更好，表现为相较于无“啊哈”体验，有“啊哈”体验的再认击中率显著更高。本研究证实加工方式与“啊哈”体验对目标字和线索字的记忆影响存在差异性，加工方式对目标字的记忆再认影响起主导作用，而“啊哈”体验对线索字的记忆再认影响更显著。

Abstract: Existing studies have confirmed the existence of the memory superiority effect in insight, yet the core mechanism underlying this effect—whether it stems from generative processing or the “Aha” experience—remains controversial. Additionally, their differential impacts on the memory of distinct types of information during the insight process have not been clearly elucidated. Adopting a learning-testing paradigm and using Chinese Remote Association Test (CRAT) items as experimental materials, the present study manipulated processing modes and the presence or absence of the “Aha” experience to investigate their effects on the recognition performance of target words and cue words. Behavioral results showed that for target word recognition, spontaneous insight yielded superior memory outcomes: compared with induced insight, spontaneous insight was associated with a higher recognition hit rate, shorter recognition response time, and higher confidence ratings. For cue word recognition, the presence of the “Aha” experience led to better memory performance, as evidenced by a significantly higher recognition hit rate relative to the absence of the “Aha” experience. This study confirms that processing modes and the “Aha” experience exert differential effects on the memory of target words and cue words: processing modes play a dominant role in the recognition of target words, while the “Aha” experience has a more prominent impact on the recognition of cue words.