数字–空间联结内在机制的空间参考框架解释

The Mechanism of Spatial-Numerical Associations: Spatial Reference Frame Interpretation

摘要: 空间–数字反应联合编码(Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes, SNARC)效应是一种左手对小数反应更快，而右手对大数反应更快的现象。在SNARC效应内在机制的理论解释中，空间参考框架解释更为系统全面，其类型分为自我中心与非自我中心两类；其维度分为水平、垂直、近远三类；但这只是与数字信息无关的外部参考，还应包含基于数字信息或顺序信息的内部参考框架。因此，本文提出内部参考动态层次框架，并将其分为三层：第一层级是数字的顺序信息；第二层级是数字的数量信息；第三层级是由数字所激活的空间线索(如反应方式、言语线索、数量范围等)。根据任务要求、指导语和其他因素，数字所激发的信息可以灵活地映射到不同的参照系上。

Abstract: The SNARC effect refers to faster reaction times for larger numbers with right-hand responses and for smaller numbers with left-hand responses. Among the theoretical explanations of the underlying mechanisms of the SNARC effect, the spatial reference frame theory offers the most systematic and comprehensive account. It categorises reference frames into two types: egocentric and non-egocentric; and into three dimensions: horizontal, vertical, and near-far. However, these represent only external reference frames unrelated to numerical information; the theory should also incorporate internal reference frames based on numerical or sequential information. Consequently, this paper proposes a dynamic hierarchical framework for internal reference, divided into three levels: the first level comprises the sequential information of numbers; the second level comprises the quantitative information of numbers; and the third level comprises the spatial cues activated by numbers (such as response patterns, verbal cues, and numerical ranges). Depending on task requirements, instructions and other factors, the information evoked by numbers can be flexibly mapped onto different reference frames.