马尔库塞单向度的人及扬弃异化的途径

Marcuse’s One-Dimensional Man and the Path to Overcoming Alienation

摘要: 马尔库塞继承并发展马克思、黑格尔和弗洛伊德等多位思想家的理论，提出由于技术异化导致的失去否定、批判和超越能力的“单向度”的人理论。经济发展促进科学技术的完善，不可避免地带来相应的社会问题。工厂借助新生产技术加大对工人的剥削力度，劳动本质被扭曲。智能时代下个人思维异化，马尔库塞思想预见了在智能时代下个人沉迷于智能技术算法，思想的批判能力大幅度下降。本文从单向度的人思想产生基础、表现形式及扬弃异化的手段等方面进行讨论，以加深对西方异化思想的认识。

Abstract: Marcuse builds upon and develops the theories of Marx, Hegel, and Freud, among others, to propose the theory of the “one-dimensional” human being, who, due to technological alienation, loses the ability to negate, criticize, and transcend. Economic development drives the advancement of science and technology, inevitably leading to corresponding social issues. Factories exploit workers more intensely through new production technologies, distorting the essence of labor. In the intelligent age, individual thinking becomes alienated. Marcuse’s ideas foresaw that in the intelligent age, individuals would become obsessed with intelligent technology algorithms, leading to a significant decline in their critical thinking abilities. This paper discusses the theoretical foundations, manifestations, and methods for overcoming alienation of the one-dimensional human being, aiming to deepen understanding of Western theories of alienation.