人工智能与伦理问题的马克思主义分析：技术理性与人的解放的辩证

A Marxist Analysis of Artificial Intelligence and Ethical Issues: The Dialectic of Technological Rationality and Human Liberation

摘要: 人工智能作为当代科技革命的前沿领域，正通过数据化、算法化与平台化重构人类社会的生产范式、社会关系与价值秩序。在推动生产力革命性跃升的同时，也引发了主体性遮蔽、数据权属失序、算法偏见固化与技术异化等一系列伦理危机，暴露了技术理性扩张与人类解放目标之间的价值断裂。本文基于马克思主义伦理学批判范式，运用历史唯物主义方法论与异化劳动理论，系统揭示人工智能伦理困境的生成逻辑：在资本主义生产方式下，技术理性被资本逻辑异化为增殖工具，导致技术发展与人本价值的结构性背离。在此基础上，主张重建以人为本的技术伦理观，探索具有社会主义制度优势的人工智能治理路径。研究旨在为新时代人工智能伦理治理提供理论支撑与实践方向，推动技术发展真正服务于人的全面发展与社会整体进步。

Abstract: As a frontier field of the contemporary technological revolution, artificial intelligence is reshaping human society’s production paradigms, social relationships, and value systems through digitization, algorithmization, and platformization. While driving a revolutionary leap in productivity, this has also triggered a series of ethical crises—including the obscuring of agency, the disorder of data ownership, the entrenchment of algorithmic bias, and technological alienation—exposing a value disconnect between the expansion of technological rationality and the goal of human liberation. Drawing on the critical paradigm of Marxist ethics and employing the methodology of historical materialism and the theory of alienated labor, this paper systematically reveals the underlying logic behind the ethical dilemmas of artificial intelligence: under the capitalist mode of production, technological rationality is alienated by the logic of capital into a tool for accumulation, leading to a structural divergence between technological development and human-centered values. Building on this foundation, we advocate for the reconstruction of a people-centered ethical framework for technology and the exploration of AI governance pathways that leverage the strengths of the socialist system. This research aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for AI ethical governance in the new era, thereby ensuring that technological development truly serves the all-round development of individuals and the overall progress of society.