老龄化背景下农村居民养老保险保障效果与优化路径研究——以南京市浦口区永宁街道青山村为例

Research on the Security Effect and Optimization Path of Rural Residents’ Endowment Insurance under the Background of Aging—A Case Study of Qingshan Village, Yongning Sub-District, Pukou District, Nanjing City

摘要: 随着人口老龄化程度的不断加剧，农村老年人数量持续增多，家庭养老的支撑作用逐渐弱化。本研究选取南京市浦口区永宁街道青山村为研究对象，系统梳理该村农村居民养老保险的参保缴费、待遇发放及基层服务运行现状，分析养老保险对稳定农村老年群体收入、减轻家庭养老负担、提升老年人健康水平和完善乡村治理能力的实际作用，指出当前存在保障水平偏低、缴费档次集中于低端、参保激励机制不足、基层适老化服务薄弱、政策宣传不到位等突出问题。在此基础上，从完善养老保障动态调整机制、健全“多缴多得”激励机制、强化村级养老服务能力、推进经办服务数字适老化改造、推动养老保障与乡村产业融合发展等方面提出优化路径。本研究成果可为青山村养老保障体系完善提供实践参考，也对长三角郊区农村养老保障体系建设及积极应对人口老龄化具有重要的理论与现实意义。

Abstract: With the intensification of population aging, the number of rural elderly residents has been increasing continuously, and the supporting role of family endowment insurance has gradually weakened. Taking Qingshan Village, Yongning Sub-district, Pukou District, Nanjing City as the research object, this study systematically sorts out the current situation of participation payment, benefit distribution and grassroots service operation of rural residents’ endowment insurance in the village, analyzes the practical effects of endowment insurance on stabilizing the income of rural elderly groups, reducing the burden of family pension, improving the health level of the elderly and perfecting the rural governance capacity, and points out the prominent problems such as low security level, concentrated low-end payment grades, insufficient participation incentive mechanism, weak grassroots elderly-friendly services and inadequate policy publicity. On this basis, optimization paths are proposed from the aspects of improving the dynamic adjustment mechanism of pension security, perfecting the incentive mechanism of “more payment brings more benefits”, strengthening the village-level pension service capacity, promoting the digital elderly-friendly transformation of agency services, and advancing the integrated development of pension security and rural industries. The research results can provide practical references for improving the pension security system of Qingshan Village, and also have important theoretical and practical significance for the construction of rural pension security system in the suburban areas of the Yangtze River Delta and the active response to population aging.