社区社会工作纾解城市独居老人孤独感的实践理路探析

The Practice of Community Social Work to Alleviate the Loneliness of Urban Elderly Living Alone

摘要: 随着城市发展与人口老龄化，城市独居老人孤独感问题已成为影响其生活质量的重要内在因素，从社会工作生态系统及社会支持理论出发，分析城市独居老人孤独感的生成机理及社会工作纾解途径。研究得出孤独感是个人、家庭、社区诸种因素共同作用的结果。个人层面出现社交能力下降，家庭层面存在子女关系问题，社区层面出现居家环境问题。由此提出介入路径，从个人、家庭、社区各层面协同介入。在个人层面进行心理赋能、兴趣重建以激活内在力量。家庭层面强化情感联结，最后社区层面主动构建支持网络，营造包容空间。社会工作以系统整合的方法回应独居老人各方面的情感需求，形成多元联动与彼此支持的综合干预机制。

Abstract: With urban development and population aging, loneliness among elderly individuals living alone in cities has become a significant internal factor affecting their quality of life. Based on the social work ecosystem and social support theory, this study analyzes the mechanisms of loneliness in urban elderly living alone and explores social work intervention approaches. The research concludes that loneliness results from the combined effects of individual, familial, and community factors. At the individual level, it stems from declining social skills; at the familial level, from strained parent-child relationships; and at the community level, from suboptimal living environments. Therefore, the study proposes an intervention pathway: coordinated efforts across individual, familial, and community levels. At the individual level, psychological empowerment and interest reconstruction are implemented to activate inner strength. At the familial level, emotional connections are strengthened. At the community level, proactive support networks are built to create inclusive spaces. Social work employs systematic and integrated methods to address the emotional needs of elderly living alone, ultimately forming a comprehensive intervention mechanism characterized by multi-dimensional collaboration and mutual support.