代际公平视角下的养老保险协同机制研究

Research on the Collaborative Mechanism of Pension Insurance from the Perspective of Intergenerational Equity

摘要: 人口老龄化背景下，养老保险制度面临代际负担失衡与治理碎片化的挑战，代际公平问题由财政分配议题转化为社会治理现代化命题。通过对政策协同、资金协同与信息协同三重结构的分析，可以看到我国养老保险制度在职责分工、资源调剂与风险分担方面仍存在信息孤岛、监管分割、地区差异与长期规划不足等问题。现收现付模式下代际转移压力的累积，使年轻群体负担预期与制度信任之间出现张力。应在代际公平理念引领下，完善跨部门统筹机制，健全激励与风险共担制度，强化数据共享与全过程监管，推动养老保险制度由单向再分配向协同共治转型，实现代际权利义务的均衡与可持续发展。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of profound population aging, the pension insurance system faces dual challenges of intergenerational burden imbalance and fragmented governance, with the issue of intergenerational equity transforming from a fiscal allocation topic into a proposition for modernizing social governance. Through an analysis of the three-tier structure of policy coordination, fund coordination, and information coordination, it can be observed that China’s pension insurance system still encounters problems such as information silos, fragmented supervision, regional disparities, and insufficient long-term planning in terms of division of responsibilities, resource allocation, and risk-sharing. The accumulation of intergenerational transfer pressure under the pay-as-you-go model has created tension between the burden expectations of younger generations and trust in the system. Guided by the concept of intergenerational equity, it is essential to improve cross-departmental coordination mechanisms, enhance incentive and risk-sharing systems, strengthen data sharing and whole-process supervision, and promote the transformation of the pension insurance system from one-way redistribution to collaborative governance, thereby achieving dynamic equilibrium of intergenerational rights and obligations and sustainable development of the system.