供给和需求视角下我国农村老年食堂的运行现状及问题分析——以山东、山西、河南省为例

The Operational Status and Problems of Rural Senior Dining Halls in China from Supply and Demand Perspectives—A Case Study of Shandong, Shanxi, and Henan Provinces

摘要: 我国政府高度重视农村养老服务体系建设，将老年助餐服务作为支持居家养老的重要举措。本文采用实地调研与半结构化访谈的方法，分析山东、山西、河南三省17个农村老年食堂的运营现状及供需匹配情况。结果发现，老年人对菜品价格满意度较高，食堂在缓解农村老人就餐难问题上成效明显。但农村老年食堂在运营过程中存在特殊服务和软性服务等方面供需不适配问题。本文提出丰富服务类型，拓展延伸服务等建议，推动农村助餐服务从保基本向提质量转型。

Abstract: The Chinese government has placed high priority on developing rural elderly care service systems, positioning meal assistance programs as a key measure to support home-based elderly care. This study employs field research and semi-structured interviews to analyze the operational status and supply-demand alignment of 17 rural senior dining halls across Shandong, Shanxi, and Henan provinces. Findings reveal that seniors express high satisfaction with meal pricing, and these canteens have significantly alleviated dining difficulties for rural elderly. However, operational challenges persist in areas such as specialized services and soft services, where supply and demand remain mismatched. This study proposes recommendations including diversifying service types and expanding supplementary services to drive the transformation of rural meal assistance from basic provision to quality enhancement.