《红楼梦》预叙话语语义隐化与法译显化的时空性转换研究

A Study on the Spatiotemporal Transformation from Semantic Implicitation in Prefatory Discourse to Explicitation in the French Translation of Dream of the Red Chamber

摘要: 本文尝试将叙事学和时空性差异理论为指导框架，以《红楼梦》中具有代表性的三类叙事话语——诗歌类、谶语类和格言类为研究对象，重点考察《红楼梦》预叙话语的语义逻辑隐化特征及其在法语译本中的显化策略。研究发现：1) 《红楼梦》的叙事并非单纯依循线性时间推进，而是通过多种象征性与提示性话语持续对人物命运与情节走向进行预示与暗示；2) 三类预叙话语多以块状语形式呈现，语言具有显著的强空间性与缩合性，以致其语义逻辑往往处于隐性状态；3) 在法语译本的处理过程中，出于读者理解与文本可读性的需要，译者普遍采用显化策略，使原文与译文之间呈现出鲜明的空时性转换趋向；4) 原文的语义隐化与译文的显化之间形成张力，它不仅改变了读者的阅读路径与理解方式，也在一定程度上重构了文本的叙事机制，并影响读者对《红楼梦》叙事模式及中国古典小说生成机制的认知。

Abstract: This article adopts narratology and the theory of spatio-temporal differences as its guiding framework to examine three representative types of proleptic discourse in Hongloumeng (Dream of the Red Chamber): poetic discourse, prophetic discourse, and aphoristic discourse. It focuses on the implicit semantic logic of these proleptic expressions in the Chinese source text and the explicitation strategies employed in their French translations. The study shows that, first, the narrative of Dream of the Red Chamber does not unfold in a purely linear temporal sequence; rather, it repeatedly foreshadows characters’ destinies and plot developments through a variety of symbolic and suggestive forms of discourse. Second, these three types of proleptic discourse are often presented in the form of lexical chunks characterized by strong spatiality and semantic condensation, with their logical relations frequently remaining implicit. Third, in the French translations, translators tend to adopt explicitation strategies in order to enhance readability and facilitate comprehension, thereby producing a marked shift in spatio-temporal encoding between the source and target texts. Finally, the tension between semantic implicitness in the original and explicitation in translation not only reshapes the reader’s interpretive path and mode of understanding, but also to some extent reconfigures the narrative mechanism of the text and influences the reader’s perception of the narrative model of Dream of the Red Chamber and the generative logic of classical Chinese fiction.