重庆市中心城区学龄早期儿童口腔健康行为现状

The Current Status of Oral Health Behaviors of Early School-Age Children in the Central Urban Area of Chongqing City

摘要: 目的：了解重庆市中心城区学龄早期儿童口腔健康行为及患龋相关因素，为制定针对性的儿童口腔健康干预策略提供科学依据。方法：2024年12月至2025年1月，采取随机抽样方法，在重庆市中心城区3个区随机选择40所小学，抽取2~3年级学生作为调查对象，最终纳入有效样本2057名。采用电子问卷调查儿童一般情况、口腔卫生行为、饮食习惯及口腔健康知识。采用多因素Logistic回归分析儿童患龋的影响因素。结果：重庆市中心城区学龄早期儿童中，51.68%开始刷牙年龄 ≤ 2岁，71.41%每天刷牙 ≥ 2次，63.00%使用含氟牙膏，但仅4.04%坚持饭后每次漱口。饮食方面，48.47%的儿童每周吃甜食1~2次，66.46%几乎不喝碳酸饮料。口腔健康知识方面，“乳牙生病需要治疗”(89.55%)和“健康口腔标准”(78.37%)知晓率较高，而“牙外伤应急处理”(33.45%)和“护牙行为综合认知”(29.22%)知晓率较低。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，母亲学历较高(OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.15 ~ 0.74)、家长不辅助刷牙(OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.02~1.57)是儿童患龋的危险因素；而开始刷牙年龄较晚(3~6岁OR = 1.40，95% CI：1.16~1.69)是患龋的危险因素。结论：重庆市中心城区学龄早期儿童口腔卫生习惯总体尚可，但饭后漱口习惯及牙外伤急救知识亟待加强。家庭因素(母亲学历、家长辅助)对儿童口腔健康影响显著，应加强家校联动，重点针对低学历家长群体开展宣教，并普及牙外伤急救等技能型知识。

Abstract: Objective: To understand the oral health behaviors and factors related to dental caries among early school-age children in the central urban area of Chongqing, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating targeted oral health intervention strategies for children. Methods: From December 2024 to January 2025, a random sampling method was employed. Forty primary schools were randomly selected from three districts in the central urban area of Chongqing. Students in grades 2 and 3 were chosen as the survey subjects. A total of 2057 valid samples were finally included. An electronic questionnaire was used to collect information on children’s general conditions, oral hygiene behaviors, dietary habits, and oral health knowledge. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the influencing factors of dental caries in children. Results: Among the preschool children in the central urban area of Chongqing, 51.68% started brushing their teeth at an age of ≤ 2 years old, 71.41% brushed their teeth ≥ 2 times a day, 63.00% used fluoride toothpaste, but only 4.04% persisted in rinsing their mouths after each meal. In terms of diet, 48.47% of the children ate sweet foods 1-2 times a week, and 66.46% hardly drank carbonated beverages. Regarding oral health knowledge, the awareness rates of “dental caries requires treatment” (89.55%) and “healthy oral standards” (78.37%) were relatively high, while the awareness rates of “emergency treatment for dental trauma” (33.45%) and “comprehensive cognition of dental protection behaviors” (29.22%) were relatively low. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that higher maternal educational level (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.15 - 0.74) and parents not assisting with brushing teeth (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.02 - 1.57) were risk factors for dental caries in children; while a later start time for brushing teeth (3 - 6 years old, OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.16 - 1.69) was a risk factor for dental caries. Conclusion: The oral hygiene habits of early school-age children in the central urban area of Chongqing City are generally acceptable, but the habit of rinsing the mouth after meals and knowledge of first aid for dental injuries need to be strengthened. Family factors (mother’s educational level, parental assistance) have a significant impact on children’s oral health. It is necessary to strengthen the cooperation between schools and families, focus on conducting education for low-educated parents, and popularize skills-based knowledge such as first aid for dental injuries.