肺栓塞患者入院临床标志物与病情严重程度的相关性研究

A Study on the Correlation between Clinical Markers at Admission and the Severity of Pulmonary Embolism in Patients

摘要: 目的：系统综述肺栓塞患者入院时临床标志物与病情严重程度的相关性，为临床危险分层和预后评估提供依据。方法：通过文献检索和分析，探讨白细胞、中性粒细胞、血小板、红细胞计数、纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、血糖、超敏C反应蛋白、白介素-6、高敏肌钙蛋白、脑钠肽、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值、血小板/淋巴细胞比值等临床标志物在肺栓塞危险分层中的应用价值。结果：多种临床标志物与肺栓塞病情严重程度显著相关，其中炎症标志物(如系统免疫炎症指数、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值)、心肌损伤标志物(肌钙蛋白、脑钠肽)、凝血功能标志物(D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原)以及营养状态标志物(白蛋白、前白蛋白)均在危险分层中具有重要价值。联合检测多项标志物可提高对肺栓塞严重程度的评估准确性和预后预测能力。结论：临床标志物在肺栓塞患者的危险分层和预后评估中发挥重要作用，多指标联合应用可为临床决策提供更可靠的依据，特别适用于缺乏高级检查设备的基层医疗机构。

Abstract: Objective: To systematically review the correlation between clinical biomarkers at admission and disease severity in patients with pulmonary embolism, providing evidence for clinical risk stratification and prognosis assessment. Methods: Through literature retrieval and analysis, we explored the application value of clinical biomarkers including white blood cells, neutrophils, platelets, red blood cell count, fibrinogen, D-dimer, blood glucose, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, high-sensitivity troponin, brain natriuretic peptide, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in risk stratification of pulmonary embolism. Results: Multiple clinical biomarkers were significantly correlated with the severity of pulmonary embolism. Inflammatory markers (such as systemic immune-inflammation index, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio), myocardial injury markers (troponin, brain natriuretic peptide), coagulation function markers (D-dimer, fibrinogen), and nutritional status markers (albumin, prealbumin) all demonstrated important value in risk stratification. Combined detection of multiple biomarkers can improve the accuracy of severity assessment and prognosis prediction in pulmonary embolism. Conclusion: Clinical biomarkers play an important role in risk stratification and prognosis assessment of patients with pulmonary embolism. Multi-marker combined application can provide more reliable evidence for clinical decision-making, particularly suitable for primary healthcare institutions lacking advanced examination equipment.