肝衰竭综合治疗策略与最新研究进展
Comprehensive Treatment Strategies and Latest Research Progress in Liver Failure
摘要: 肝衰竭起病急、进展快，常迅速导致多器官功能衰竭，预后不良。由于缺乏特效疗法，当前临床治疗仍以综合性支持治疗为核心。本文系统综述了肝衰竭的治疗原则及最新研究进展，包括：诱因治疗、器官衰竭的靶向支持治疗、人工肝支持系统的应用价值，以及肝移植在慢加急性肝衰竭中的疗效与患者选择争议。现有证据表明，人工肝支持系统可显著改善患者短期生存率，为肝移植或肝再生争取时间；肝移植虽能显著改善慢加急性肝衰竭患者预后，但在极危重患者中获益有限，需基于个体化评估精准决策。此外，本文还总结了新兴治疗策略如肠道微生态调节、干细胞治疗、粒细胞集落刺激因子动员及代谢组学指导的营养支持等前沿进展。综合治疗策略的优化与多学科协作仍是提高肝衰竭患者生存率的关键，未来研究需致力于构建“传统支持–创新疗法–肝移植”相互协同的综合治疗体系。
Abstract: Hepatic failure has an acute onset and rapid progression, often leading to multiple organ failure and a poor prognosis. Due to the lack of specific therapies, current clinical treatment still centers on comprehensive supportive care. This article systematically reviews the treatment principles and latest research progress of hepatic failure, including: etiological treatment, targeted support for organ failure, the application value of artificial liver support systems, and the efficacy and patient selection controversies of liver transplantation in acute-on-chronic liver failure. Existing evidence indicates that artificial liver support systems can significantly improve short-term survival rates, buying time for liver transplantation or liver regeneration; although liver transplantation can significantly improve the prognosis of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure, the benefits are limited in extremely critical patients, and precise decisions should be made based on individualized assessment. In addition, this article also summarizes the latest progress in emerging treatment strategies such as intestinal microecological regulation, stem cell therapy, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilization, and metabolomics-guided nutritional support. The optimization of comprehensive treatment strategies and multidisciplinary collaboration remain the key to improving the survival rate of patients with hepatic failure. Future research should focus on building a comprehensive treatment system that integrates “traditional support-innovative therapies-liver transplantation” in a mutually reinforcing manner.
文章引用：边浩欣, 薛春漫, 张国顺. 肝衰竭综合治疗策略与最新研究进展[J]. 临床个性化医学, 2026, 5(2): 435-441. https://doi.org/10.12677/jcpm.2026.52144

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