“双碳”目标下中国氢能发展现状及未来制氢行业发展趋势分析

Analysis of the Current Situation of China’s Hydrogen Energy Development and the Future Trend of the Hydrogen Production Industry under the “Dual Carbon” Goals

摘要: “双碳”战略目标确定后，中国国内能源领域开始推进结构转型、走低碳发展路线，清洁、高效还能储存的氢能，就成了支撑这一进程的重要载体。本文把研究重点聚焦于氢能产业链最前端的制氢环节，针对各技术路线的学术研究瓶颈与工程落地难题，系统整理了四类主流制氢工艺的相关内容，包括电解水制氢、煤制氢、天然气制氢、工业副产氢的应用现状、技术约束、经济性特征及全生命周期碳排放水平，同时提出未来5~15年中国制氢行业分阶段降碳、多方式协同的发展思路，给中国氢能产业高质量、可持续发展提供学术参考与理论支撑。

Abstract: After the “dual carbon” strategic goals were set, China’s domestic energy sector began to promote structural transformation and follow a low-carbon development path. Clean, efficient and storable hydrogen energy has thus become an important carrier supporting this process. This article focuses its research on the hydrogen production stage at the very front end of the hydrogen energy industry chain. It systematically sorts out the relevant content of four mainstream hydrogen production processes in response to the academic research bottlenecks and engineering implementation challenges of each technical route, including the application status, technical constraints, economic characteristics, and full life cycle carbon emission levels of hydrogen production through electrolysis of water, coal, natural gas, and industrial by-products at the same time, it proposes the development ideas of phased carbon reduction and multi-mode coordination for China’s hydrogen production industry in the next 5 to 15 years, providing academic references and theoretical support for the high-quality and sustainable development of China’s hydrogen energy industry.