急诊手术风险评估工具研究的发展与实践 选择：从传统评分到风险模型
Development and Practical Selection of Emergency Surgery Risk Assessment Tools: From Traditional Scores to Risk Models
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2026.1641521, PDF,   
作者: 张晋华, 李 会*：浙江大学医学院附属第一医院麻醉科，浙江 杭州；水维维：浙江大学医学院附属第一医院麻醉科，浙江 杭州；绍兴市妇幼保健院麻醉科，浙江 绍兴
关键词: 急诊手术；围术期管理；风险评估；Emergency Surgery； Perioperative Management； Risk Assessment
摘要: 急诊手术患者的围术期死亡率与并发症发生率显著高于非急诊手术，因此快速精准地风险评估对临床决策至关重要。本文系统综述了急诊手术常用的风险评估工具，将其分为风险评分系统和风险预测模型两大类，详述了美国麻醉医师协会分级系统(The American Society of Anesthesiologists classification system, ASA)、生理学和手术严重性评分(Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity, POSSUM)、急性生理与慢性健康评分(The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, APACHE II)等13种常用工具的构成、临床应用价值及局限性，为临床合理选择工具及优化风险评估方案提供参考。
Abstract: Patients undergoing emergency surgery face significantly greater perioperative risks than those having non-emergency procedures. Therefore, rapid and accurate risk assessment is indispensable for guiding clinical decision-making. This review systematically examines common risk assessment tools for emergency surgery and classifies them into risk scoring systems and risk prediction models. We detail the constituent metrics, clinical applicability, and limitations of thirteen widely used tools, such as the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Classification System, the Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM), and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II). This review aims to provide clinicians with practical insights for tool selection and the refinement of risk stratification in the perioperative management of emergency surgical patients.
文章引用：张晋华, 水维维, 李会. 急诊手术风险评估工具研究的发展与实践 选择：从传统评分到风险模型 [J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(4): 2672-2681. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.1641521

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