矿山环境恢复及治理效果调查——以云南昭通地区为例

Investigation on Mine Environmental Restoration and Governance Effect—A Case Study of Zhaotong Region, Yunnan Province

摘要: 矿产资源露天开采易引发边坡失稳、植被退化等地质环境问题，西南喀斯特山区生态脆弱，矿山开发与生态保护矛盾突出，科学开展恢复治理及效果评估是协同发展的关键。本文以昭通昆钢嘉华水泥建材有限公司大关寿山甘海石灰石矿为研究对象，采用野外调查、资料收集与数理统计结合的方法，梳理矿山开发概况与地质环境条件，识别环境问题，构建评价指标体系，部署分区分阶段治理工程，并定量验证成效。结果表明，治理后矿山潜在不稳定边坡安全系数达标，植被覆盖率从12.3%提升至47.6%，水土流失量下降68.2%，土地复垦率达72.5%，综合环境风险降至低风险。本文的治理模式与评估方法，可为西南喀斯特地区同类大型露天石灰石矿山环境修复提供实证参考。

Abstract: Open-pit mining of mineral resources is prone to cause geological environmental problems such as slope instability and vegetation degradation. The ecological environment in the southwestern karst mountainous area is fragile, and the contradiction between mining development and ecological protection is prominent. Scientific restoration and evaluation of effects are the key to coordinated development. This paper takes the Daguan Shoushan Ganhai limestone mine of Zhaotong Kunsteel Jiahua Cement Building Materials Co., Ltd. as the research object. By using the methods of field investigation, data collection and mathematical statistics, it summarizes the overview of mining development and geological environmental conditions, identifies environmental problems, constructs an evaluation index system, deploys phased and segmented restoration projects, and quantitatively verifies the effectiveness. The results show that the safety factor of the potential unstable slopes of the mine has reached the standard, the vegetation coverage rate has increased from 12.3% to 47.6%, the amount of soil erosion has decreased by 68.2%, the land reclamation rate has reached 72.5%, and the comprehensive environmental risk has been reduced to a low risk. The restoration mode and evaluation method of this paper can provide empirical reference for the environmental restoration of similar large-scale open-pit limestone mines in the southwestern karst area.