心理护理在慢性病患者管理中的护理研究进展

Research Progress of Psychological Nursing in the Management of Patients with Chronic Diseases

摘要: 慢性病大多起病隐蔽、病程漫长，病情还容易反复，预后也难以确定，长期下来不仅折磨患者的身体，更困扰着他们的心理，很容易让患者产生焦虑、抑郁等负面情绪。这些负性情绪又会反过来加重病情，让患者不愿配合治疗，久而久之就形成了“身体生病–心理出问题”的恶性循环。在慢性病的综合管理中，心理护理发挥着核心作用，通过科学的干预方法，既能帮助患者缓解不良情绪，也能增强他们自我管理疾病的能力，进而改善生活质量，这也是目前护理领域重点研究的方向之一。结合近年来国内外的相关研究，本文梳理了慢性病患者的心理特点、心理护理的核心模式及具体干预方法，分析了当前研究中存在的问题，还对未来的研究方向进行了展望，希望能为临床慢性病患者的心理护理实践，以及后续相关研究提供一些参考。

Abstract: Most chronic diseases have an insidious onset, a prolonged course, and a high tendency to recur with an uncertain prognosis. Over the long term, they not only inflict physical suffering on patients but also cause severe psychological distress, making patients prone to negative emotions such as anxiety and depression. In turn, these negative emotions can exacerbate the physical condition and reduce patients’ compliance with treatment, gradually forming a vicious circle of “physical illness triggering psychological problems”. As a core component in the comprehensive management of chronic diseases, psychological nursing exerts a pivotal role. Through scientific intervention methods, it can not only alleviate patients’ adverse emotions but also enhance their ability to self-manage the disease, thereby improving their quality of life, which has also become one of the key research directions in the nursing field at present. Based on relevant domestic and foreign studies in recent years, this paper sorts out the psychological characteristics of patients with chronic diseases, as well as the core models and specific intervention methods of psychological nursing, analyzes the existing problems in the current research, and prospects the future research directions, aiming to provide references for the clinical practice of psychological nursing for chronic disease patients and subsequent relevant research.