论数字治理的作用机理、效果及现实进路

On the Mechanism, Effects, and Practical Pathways of Digital Governance

摘要: 数字治理是运用数据和数字技术实现国家治理的策略，也包括对数字技术进行治理。数字治理的现实基础是作为信息载体的数据与作为智慧形式的数字技术。数据在微观上能实现精准识别与行为分析，宏观上能为决策提供支持，而数字技术则提供了高效的信息处理方式和能力。从网络治理理论视角分析，数字治理作用于多元的主体与治理流程的各个环节，体现了多元主体协同治理的新特征。数字治理的优势在于能显著提升治理效率，实现批量决策与模拟预测，而其弊端在于高度依赖技术与算法，存在“模型崩溃”、忽视人文精神的风险，且根本上不能脱离人和规则。数字法治是数字治理的现实进路，能有效提升传统立法、执法、司法环节的效率，也可有效规制数字技术、数字经济与数字权力等新兴领域。

Abstract: Digital governance is a strategy that employs data and digital technologies to achieve state governance, encompassing also the governance of digital technologies themselves. The practical foundation of digital governance lies in data as information carriers and digital technologies as forms of intelligence. At the micro level, data enables precise identification and behavioral analysis; at the macro level, it supports decision-making. Digital technologies provide efficient methods and capabilities for information processing. From the perspective of network governance theory, digital governance operates on multiple subjects and every link of the governance process, reflecting a novel characteristic of collaborative governance among multiple subjects. The advantage of digital governance lies in its ability to significantly enhance governance efficiency, enabling batch decision-making and simulation predictions. However, its drawbacks include a heavy reliance on technology and algorithms, risks such as “model collapse”, a tendency to neglect humanistic considerations, and an inherent inability to operate independently of human actors and rules. The digital rule of law serves as the practical pathway of digital governance, effectively improving efficiency in traditional legislative, enforcement, and judicial processes, while also providing effective regulation for emerging areas such as digital technology, the digital economy, and digital power.