从建造到疗愈：园林养护时代的兴起与树木医学的学科构建

From Construction to Healing: The Rise of the Era of Garden Maintenance and the Disciplinary Construction of Tree Medicine

摘要: 本文旨在系统论述中国园林行业正在经历的一场深刻范式转移：即从以增量扩张为核心的“园林施工”主导时代，转向以存量优化和价值可持续为核心的“园林养护”主导时代。文章首先剖析了这一转型的宏观背景，包括城市化进程的深化、生态文明建设的需求、公众审美与生态意识的提升，以及“碳达峰、碳中和”战略目标带来的新要求。2025年全国森林覆盖率达25.09%、森林蓄积量达209.88亿立方米，已提前实现2030年森林蓄积量增长目标，这一成就标志着国土绿化从数量扩张转向质量提升的新阶段。随之，论文详细阐述了“园林养护时代”的核心特征，指出其不仅是技术层面的升级，更是理念上从“造景”到“营境”、从“管理”到“治理”的跃迁。在此基础上，本文前瞻性地提出，作为养护时代的技术支柱与理论前沿，“树木医学”将应运而生并蓬勃发展。论文深入探讨了树木医学的学科内涵，将其界定为一门融合林学、植物病理学、昆虫学、土壤学、气象学、分子生物学及智能传感技术的交叉应用学科，并构建了其核心研究框架，包括诊断学、病理学、治疗学与预防保健学。北京市自2018年引入树木医学理念以来，已初步构建起包含12家标准化树木医院、102名认证树木医生的专业服务体系，为树木医学的学科构建提供了宝贵的实践样本。最后，本文分析了园林养护时代与树木医学兴起对行业教育、人才培养、技术标准、市场模式及政策法规带来的挑战与机遇，呼吁构建产学研用一体化的协同发展体系，以迎接中国园林行业高质量、可持续发展的未来。

Abstract: This paper aims to systematically discuss a profound paradigm shift currently occurring in China’s landscaping industry: that is, the transition from an era dominated by “landscape construction” focused on incremental expansion to an era dominated by “landscape maintenance” centered on stock optimization and sustainable value. The article first analyzes the macro background of this transformation, including the deepening urbanization process, the demand for ecological civilization construction, the improvement of public aesthetics and ecological awareness, and the new requirements brought by the strategic goals of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”. By 2025, the national forest coverage rate is expected to reach 25.09%, and forest stock will reach 20.988 billion cubic meters, already achieving ahead of schedule the 2030 forest stock growth target. This achievement marks a new stage in national greening, shifting from quantitative expansion to quality improvement. Subsequently, the paper elaborates in detail on the core characteristics of the “landscape maintenance era”, pointing out that it is not only a technical upgrade but also a conceptual leap from “creating scenery” to “cultivating environments”, and from “management” to “governance”. On this basis, the paper prospectively proposes that “arboriculture medicine”, as the technical support and theoretical frontier of the maintenance era, will emerge and flourish. The paper deeply explores the disciplinary connotations of arboriculture medicine, defining it as an interdisciplinary applied science integrating forestry, plant pathology, entomology, soil science, meteorology, molecular biology, and intelligent sensing technology, and constructs its core research framework, including diagnostics, pathology, therapeutics, and preventive care. Since Beijing introduced the concept of arboriculture medicine in 2018, it has initially established a professional service system comprising 12 standardized tree hospitals and 102 certified tree doctors, providing valuable practical examples for the discipline’s development. Finally, the paper analyzes the challenges and opportunities that the rise of the landscape maintenance era and arboriculture medicine bring to industry education, talent cultivation, technical standards, market models, and policies and regulations, calling for the construction of an integrated industry-academia-research-utilization collaborative development system to embrace a future of high-quality and sustainable development in China’s landscaping industry.