影像诊断技术与炎症标记物在COPD中的应用及联合研究现状

Application and Combined Research Status of Imaging Diagnostic Techniques and Inflammatory Markers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

摘要: 慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD)作为全球高致死性慢性气道疾病，具有患病率、死亡率、致残率高的特点，给社会和家庭带来沉重负担，其早期筛查、精准诊断与个性化诊疗成为临床研究重点。本文通过文献综述形式，阐述COPD的病因、病理生理机制及防控治疗现状，重点分析影像学技术与炎症标记物在COPD诊疗中的应用价值，以及二者联合应用的研究现状。肺功能检查是COPD诊断金标准，但存在敏感性不足的缺陷；定量CT、双气相CT、显微CT及MRI等影像学技术可精准识别肺部病理改变，实现COPD早期诊断、病情评估与预后监测；NLR、IL-6、CRP等血清炎症标记物可有效反映COPD炎症程度，预测急性加重风险并辅助病情分级。目前定量CT与炎症标记物的联合应用多聚焦于COPD预后监测，可提升预测效能并为临床诊疗提供更全面的参考依据。未来，多学科协作下影像学技术与炎症标记物的深度融合，将进一步推动COPD精准医疗发展，为制定个性化防控和治疗方案提供重要支撑。

Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a highly fatal chronic airway disease worldwide, is characterized by high morbidity, mortality and disability rates, imposing a heavy burden on society and families. Its early screening, accurate diagnosis and personalized diagnosis and treatment have become the focus of clinical research. This paper expounds the etiology, pathophysiological mechanism, prevention, control and treatment status of COPD in the form of literature review, and focuses on analyzing the application value of imaging technologies and inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and treatment of COPD, as well as the research status of their combined application. Pulmonary function test is the gold standard for COPD diagnosis, but it has the defect of insufficient sensitivity. Imaging technologies such as quantitative computed tomography (QCT), dual-phase CT, micro-CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can accurately identify pulmonary pathological changes and realize early diagnosis, disease assessment and prognostic monitoring of COPD. Serum inflammatory markers such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) can effectively reflect the inflammatory degree of COPD, predict the risk of acute exacerbation and assist in disease grading. At present, the combined application of quantitative CT and inflammatory markers mainly focuses on the prognostic monitoring of COPD, which can improve the prediction efficiency and provide a more comprehensive reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. In the future, the in-depth integration of imaging technologies and inflammatory markers under multidisciplinary collaboration will further promote the development of precision medicine for COPD and provide important support for formulating personalized prevention, control and treatment plans.