肌少症的研究现状与临床管理进展

Current Research Status and Advances in Clinical Management of Sarcopenia

摘要: 肌少症是一种以进行性骨骼肌质量减少、肌力下降和身体机能减退为特征的退行性综合征，现已列入21世纪重大健康威胁之一。全球“银发浪潮”强势袭来，与年龄相关的肌少症患病率正大幅上升，预计到2040年可影响超过2亿人群。中国作为老龄化人口最多的国家，肌少症在人群特征、发病机制及临床干预等方面呈现一定的独特性，其防治已然成为我国老年健康管理的重要议题。近年来，虽然肌少症的诊断标准逐步完善，但我们依旧面临实际临床中的诊断工具可及性低和干预措施差异大等众多挑战，肌少症的研究仍处于初期探索阶段。所以本文基于最新循证依据，系统综述肌少症的流行病学特征、筛查诊断路径、发病机制及干预策略，以期为中国临床实践提供精准的循证依据，并展望该领域内有待突破的研究方向。

Abstract: Sarcopenia is a degenerative syndrome characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, decreased muscle strength, and reduced physical function. Recognized as one of the major health threats of the 21st century, its prevalence is rising sharply alongside the global “silver tsunami” of aging. Age-related sarcopenia is projected to affect over 200 million people worldwide by 2040. As the country with the largest aging population, China faces unique challenges regarding the demographic profile, pathogenesis, and clinical management of sarcopenia, making its prevention and treatment a critical issue in national elderly health management. Although diagnostic criteria have been gradually refined in recent years, significant challenges remain in clinical practice, including limited accessibility of diagnostic tools and considerable variability in intervention strategies. Research on sarcopenia is still in its early stages. Therefore, this article provides a systematic review based on the latest evidence, comprehensively examining the epidemiological features, screening and diagnostic pathways, underlying mechanisms, and intervention strategies for sarcopenia. The aim is to offer precise, evidence-based guidance for clinical practice in China and to identify promising directions for future research breakthroughs in this field.