农村留守老年人口腔健康的影响因素 与干预路径

Factors Affecting Oral Health and Intervention Pathways for Left-Behind Elderly in Rural Areas

摘要: 农村留守老年人是人口老龄化与城乡发展失衡背景下的特殊弱势群体。本文采用文献综述法，从生理病理、行为认知、社会经济、医疗服务四大维度归纳其口腔健康的核心影响因素，并探索综合干预路径。研究发现，我国农村留守老年人口腔健康状况严峻，龋病、牙周病患病率居高不下，牙齿缺失及未修复问题普遍存在。其口腔健康受多重因素交织影响：生理机能衰退与慢性病共病增加疾病易感性；认知误区与不良卫生习惯成为直接诱因；低经济收入、家庭支持缺失限制服务利用；基层口腔医疗资源匮乏加剧健康困境。亟须构建以个人健康素养提升为核心、家庭照护支持为基础、社区服务供给为依托、政策制度保障为支撑的综合干预模式。

Abstract: The left-behind elderly in rural areas represent a particularly vulnerable group amidst the dual challenges of population aging and unbalanced urban-rural development. Employing the literature review method, this paper systematically examines existing research on the oral health of this demographic. It synthesizes the core influencing factors across four dimensions—physiological and pathological, behavioral and cognitive, socioeconomic, and medical services—and explores comprehensive intervention strategies. The study reveals that the oral health status of left-behind elderly in rural China is severe, characterized by high prevalence rates of dental caries, periodontal disease, and widespread tooth loss. Their oral health is adversely affected by multiple factors: the decline in physiological functions and the comorbidity of chronic diseases heighten susceptibility to oral diseases; misconceptions about oral health and poor hygiene habits are direct triggers; limited economic resources and a lack of family support restrict their access to healthcare services; and a shortage of primary oral healthcare resources exacerbates the health dilemma. The paper concludes by advocating for the establishment of a comprehensive intervention model centered on enhancing personal health literacy, underpinned by family support, delivered through community-based services, and reinforced by policy safeguards.