内观自我：正念中的内感受注意

Self-Observation: Interoceptive Attention in Mindfulness

摘要: 内感受注意(Interoceptive Attention)是正念冥想(Mindfulness Meditation, MM)的核心，指个体以稳定、非评判的方式觉察并调节对呼吸、心跳等身体内部信号的加工权重，在情绪调节与自我意识形成中发挥关键作用。本文基于预测编码理论，系统综述正念冥想中的内感受加工机制，重点探讨内感受注意如何通过精度加权与预测误差修正优化生成模型，进而促进情绪调节能力与自我意识的发展。未来研究可进一步结合计算建模方法，对精度加权与先验更新进行参数化检验，并在不同训练剂量与临床人群中验证其机制差异，以深化对正念干预靶向性的理解。

Abstract: Interoceptive attention is a core component of mindfulness meditation (MM). It refers to astable, non-judgmental focus on internal bodily signals (e.g., breathing, heartbeat), and the regulation of their relative weighting in perceptual processing. This process plays a critical role in emotional regulation and the formation of self-awareness. Based on Predictive Coding theory, this review synthesizes current findings on interoceptive processing in mindfulness, with a particular focus on how interoceptive attention optimizes internal generative models via precision weighting of prediction errors and the subsequent correction of these errors, thereby enhancing emotional regulation and promoting the development of self-awareness. Future research may integrate computational modeling approaches to parameterize precision weighting and prior updating, and examine mechanistic differences across varying training doses and clinical populations, in order to deepen our understanding of the targeted mechanisms underlying mindfulness-based interventions.