离心超重力下合金塑性行为的研究现状及展望

Research Status and Prospects of Alloy Plastic Behavior under Centrifugal Supergravity

摘要: 超重力作为极端复杂力学环境的典型代表，通过离心惯性载荷显著调控晶体材料的位错运动、滑移系激活及晶界响应，深刻影响材料塑性变形与失效机制，在航空航天、高速旋转机械等高端装备领域具有重要研究价值与应用前景。本文系统综述超重力环境下不同研究方法的对比与不足，包含实验方法，仿真计算方法以及两者结合的方法。通过常规晶体塑性行为的研究进展的归纳总结，阐述超重力与晶粒尺寸、晶界取向、温度等多因素的耦合作用机制，包括超重力诱导的应力集中效应、晶间滑移调控规律及塑性流变演化特征。总结Neper-Abaqus联合建模等晶体塑性有限元模拟方法与超重力实验技术的应用现状，分析当前研究在多场耦合模拟精度、极端超重力下微观机制表征等方面研究的研究不足。最后，展望未来研究方向，提出需强化微观结构–超重力–塑性行为的定量关联模型构建，为超重力环境下晶体材料的结构优化与性能调控提供理论与实践参考。

Abstract: As a typical representative of extreme mechanical environments, the dislocation motion, slip system activation, and grain boundary response of crystalline materials were significantly regulated under centrifugal supergravity through centrifugal inertial loads, and thus profoundly affects the plastic deformation and failure mechanisms of materials. Studies are important in research and application prospects in high-end equipment fields such as aerospace and high-speed rotating machine in industry. This article systematically reviews the comparison and limitations of various research methods in hypergravity environments, including experimental methods, simulation calculation methods, and combined approaches of both. By summarizing the research progress on conventional crystal plasticity behavior, the paper systematically analyzed the research progress on the crystal plastic behavior under supergravity environments, focusing on elaborating the coupling mechanism between supergravity and multiple factors such as grain size, grain boundary orientation, and temperature. Some important aspect including the supergravity-induced stress concentration effect, the regulation law of intergranular slip, and the evolutionary characteristics of plastic flow were systematically summarized. It mainly described the application status of crystal plasticity finite element simulation methods (such as Neper-Abaqus combined polycrystalline model) and supergravity experimental technologies, and analyzes the current research deficiencies, such as the simulation accuracy of multi-field coupling and the characterization of micro-mechanisms under extreme supergravity. In the last paragraph, it also gives prospect on future research directions, and it is proposed that the construction of quantitative correlation models between microstructure, supergravity, and plastic behavior should be strengthened. Future work should provide theoretical reference for the structural optimization and performance regulation of crystalline materials under complex centrifugal supergravity.