麻黄连翘赤小豆汤治疗IgA肾病的研究进展

Research Progress on Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou Decoction in the Treatment of IgA Nephropathy

摘要: IgA肾病(IgA nephropathy)作为全球尤其是亚洲地区最常见的原发性肾小球疾病，是导致终末期肾病的重要病因之一。源自东汉张仲景《伤寒杂病论》的经典方剂麻黄连翘赤小豆汤，具有解表散邪、清热利湿之功效，历经千余年临床实践，其应用范围已拓展至多种肾脏疾病的治疗领域。现代研究表明，该方剂可能通过多靶点发挥抗炎、免疫调节及抑制补体激活等效应，具有减少肾小球免疫复合物沉积、改善IgA肾病患者肾功能指标的潜力。本文将从中医和西医的角度，对IgA肾病的病因病机、麻黄连翘赤小豆汤的药理作用及临床研究进展进行综述，为传统经方治疗IgA肾病提供理论依据和循证支持。

Abstract: IgA nephropathy, as the most common primary glomerular disease in the world, especially in Asia, is one of the important causes of end-stage renal disease. The classic formula of Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou Decoction, which originated from Zhang Zhongjing’s Treatise on Typhoid Miscellaneous Diseases of the Eastern Han Dynasty, has the efficacy of dispersing evils from the surface, clearing heat and inducing dampness, and its application has been expanded to the treatment of various renal diseases after more than a thousand years of clinical practice. Modern studies suggest that this formula may exert anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and complement activation-inhibiting effects through multi-target mechanisms, showing potential in reducing glomerular immune complex deposition and improving renal function indexes in patients with IgA nephropathy. In this paper, we will review the etiology and pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy, the pharmacological effects of Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou Decoction and the progress of clinical research from the perspectives of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, so as to provide theoretical basis and evidence-based support for the treatment of IgA nephropathy with traditional Chinese medicine prescription.